冲击式水轮机转轮水斗汛期泥沙磨损特性分析  

Numerical analysis of bucket hydro-abrasive erosion in Pelton turbine in sediment season

作　　者：李彦浩 朱逸林 肖业祥[2,3] 刘洁 梁权伟 李海军 LI Yanhao;ZHU Yilin;XIAO Yexiang;LIU Jie;LIANG Quanwei;LI Haijun(Shanghai Investigation Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200335,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation,Chengdu 610014,China;Dongfang Electric Machinery Co.Ltd,Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200335 [2]清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室,北京100084 [3]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [4]中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司,成都610014 [5]东方电气集团东方电机有限公司,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2024年第2期15-22,共8页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52279088);上海勘测设计研究院有限公司科研项目资助(2021SD(8)-0070);中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目资助(SXXZ/0417)。

摘　　要：泥沙磨损是冲击式水轮机水力部件失效的主要原因之一,特别是在汛期时,过机泥沙含量会大幅增加,而转轮水斗表面的挟沙三相流动过程复杂,其磨损问题会更为严重。本文以规划建设的西藏紫霞电站冲击式水轮机为研究对象,根据设计院提供的电站实测泥沙特性数据,采用Mansouri磨损模型和欧拉-拉格朗日方法对泥沙颗粒在转轮水斗表面的流动过程进行了三相流动数值模拟,分析了电站在汛期高泥沙浓度下颗粒的流动特性以及水斗表面的磨损分布。预测的水斗表面磨损分布与文献中实测的较为一致,预测结果表明水斗主要磨损区分布在靠近水斗根部的出水边附近以及缺口边附近;磨损分布和冲击次数的分布相似度最高,冲击次数对泥沙磨损的影响很大。Sediment erosion is one of the main reasons for the failure of hydraulic components of a Pelton turbine.Especially in sediment season,sediment concentration increases greatly and the process of sand-carrying three-phase flow on the surface of the runner bucket is complicated,so the erosion problem is usually more severe.The Pelton turbine at the Zixia hydropower station in Tibet,planned for construction,is examined in the present work as a case study.This paper focuses on numerical simulations of its flow process of sediment particles on the bucket surface,using the Mansouri erosion model and the EulerLagrange method,based on its measured sediment characteristics data provided by the design institute.The characteristics of sediment particle flow and erosion distribution over the bucket surface under high sediment concentration in sediment season are examined.The numerical predictions of surface erosion distribution agree well with previous measurements in literature.The predictions show the bucket erosion concentrates near the water outlet edge of the root and the cutout edge of the bucket.The highest similarity occurs between the distributions of sediment erosion and the impact number,so the impact number imposes a great effect on sediment erosion.

关 键 词：冲击式水轮机 含沙三相流 磨损预测 冲击特性 数值计算 

分 类 号：TV734[水利工程—水利水电工程] TK730[交通运输工程—轮机工程]