福建三沙湾表层沉积物重金属分布对网箱养殖的响应  

Response of heavy metal distribution of surface sediments to aquaculture in Sansha Bay,Fujian

作　　者：房易玄 李茂田[1,2] 刘晓强 宋艳 林沐东 姚慧锟 FANG Yixuan;LI Maotian;LIU Xiaoqiang;SONG Yan;LIN Mudong;YAO Huikun(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai200241,China;Institute of Eco-Chongming,Shanghai 202162,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241 [2]崇明生态研究院,上海202162

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期144-156,共13页Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20189505)。

摘　　要：近海养殖的快速发展对水环境的影响是生态环境科学研究的热点,但是因重金属随盐度梯度变化产生复杂的保守性–非保守性行为,导致定量评估水产养殖对沉积物重金属污染的影响一直是研究难点.以全球最大的大黄鱼网箱养殖区域——福建三沙湾作为近海水产养殖的典型区域,根据遥感影像提取的养殖数据,结合33个表层沉积物的7种重金属含量与盐度的曲线,定量分析养殖变化对沉积物重金属污染的影响.结果发现,近15年来,三沙湾网箱养殖面积从9.1 km^(2)增加到33.4 km^(2),每平方公里最大网箱养殖密度从3%增加到22%.导致养殖区亲铜元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb平均含量分别比非养殖区增加了44%、11%、15%、17%,盐度的回归线斜率分别减少了27%、35%、18%、2%;同时养殖区亲铁元素Cr、Mn、Ni平均含量分别比非养殖区增加了16%、15%、29%.潜在生态风险评价结果显示,Cd元素是三沙湾表层沉积物中环境污染的潜在元素,三沙湾整体处于中等生态风险水平.The impact of rapid development of coastal aquaculture on aquatic environments is an important topic in environmental science.Quantitative assessment of the impact of aquaculture on sediment heavy metal pollution has been challenging because of the complex conservative-nonconservative behavior of heavy metals in coastal brackish waters.In this study,Sansha Bay,Fujian Province,the world’s largest yellow croaker cage culture area,was used as a research area for offshore aquaculture.Using aquaculture data recorded by remote sensing images combined with the relationships between sedimentary heavy metals and salinity,this study sought to analyze the effects of aquaculture on sediment heavy metal pollution.The results showed that over the past 15 years,the area of cage culture in Sansha bay has increased from 9.1 km^(2) to 33.4 km^(2),and the maximum intensity of cage culture per square kilometer has increased from 3%to 22%.As a result,the average values of Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb levels in the cuprophilic elements in the culture area increased by 44%,11%,15%,and 17%,respectively,compared to non-farmed areas,and the slope of the conservative regression line with an increase in salinity decreased by 27%,35%,18%,and 2%,respectively.The average values of the siderophile elements Cr,Mn,and Ni in the breeding area increased by 16%,15%,and 29%,respectively,compared to those in non-farmed areas.The results of potential ecological risk evaluation showed that Cd is a potential environmental pollutant in the surface sediments of Sansha Bay,and Sansha Bay as a whole is at a medium ecological risk level.

关 键 词：三沙湾 重金属 沉积物 近海养殖 养殖密度 

分 类 号：P736.41[天文地球—海洋地质]