濒危植物合柱金莲木开花结实物候及交配系统研究  

Studies on the Flowering and Fruiting Phenology and Mating System of the Endangered Plant Sauvagesia rhodoleuca

作　　者：陈宗游[1,2] 韦霄 柴胜丰[1] 邹蓉[1] 汪俊芳[3] CHEN Zongyou;WEI Xiao;CHAI Shengfeng;ZOU Rong;WANG Junfang(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization,Guangxi Institute of Botany,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guilin,Guangxi,541006,China;College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610065,China;Guangxi Forest Inventory&Planning Institute,Nanning,Guangxi,530022,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西植物功能物质与资源持续利用重点实验室,广西桂林541006 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,四川成都610065 [3]广西壮族自治区林业勘测设计院,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《广西科学》2023年第6期1091-1100,共10页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300703);广西林业科技推广示范项目(桂林科字[2022]第23号);桂林市创新平台和人才计划项目(20210102-3)资助。

摘　　要：合柱金莲木(Sauvagesia rhodoleuca)为国家二级重点保护野生植物,为了从繁殖生物学角度探讨合柱金莲木的濒危机制,为其保护和可持续利用提供科学依据,本研究对合柱金莲木的开花结实物候进行观测并利用微卫星分子标记测定其交配系统。结果表明:(1)成龄合柱金莲木植株的平均地径、平均株高和平均冠幅分别为0.70、129.67和81.98 cm,平均每株结花序15.56串。合柱金莲木于3月下旬至4月中上旬进入抽(花)序期,4月中下旬进入现蕾期,4月下旬至5月中下旬为开花期,5月下旬至8月中旬为果实发育期,8月中旬至10月上旬为果实成熟期。合柱金莲木的单花开放在1天内完成,其开花进程可分蕾松、初开、盛开和落花4个阶段,其花序的单花数约27朵/串,果序的蒴果数约18个/串,结果植株平均每株的种子数达5881.68粒,种子量极大。(2)合柱金莲木的多位点异交率(t_(m))和单位点异交率(t_(s))分别为0.982和0.752,t_(m)>t_(s),说明在物种水平上合柱金莲木存在一定比例的近交,双亲的近交比例为0.230,其存在近交衰退(δ=4.332>0)。合柱金莲木在物种水平上的多位点相关度(r_(pm))和单位点相关度(r_(ps))分别为0.272和0.314,说明其物种内部存在明显分化的种群遗传结构,其异交子代间亲本相关性(r_(p))为0.213,表明部分子代共享了亲本。交配系统中存在一定程度的近交可能是合柱金莲木濒危的重要因素之一。Sauvagesia rhodoleuca is a national classⅡkey protected wild plant.In order to explore potential mechanisms for the endangerment of S.rhodoleuca in the context of reproductive biology,thereby providing scientific basis for its protection and sustainable utilization,the flowering and fruiting phenology of the species were studied by field investigations,and the mating system also was determined by using microsatellite molecular markers.Results showed that:(1)The average basal diameter,stem height and crown width of mature plants were 0.70 cm,129.67 cm and 81.98 cm respectively,and the average number of inflorescence was 15.56 bunches per plant.The period of inflorescence of the species was late March or early to mid April,the squaring stage was in mid late April,and the period of flowering was from late April to mid late May.The fruit development period ranged from late May to mid August,and the fruit maturity period from mid August to early October.The blossoming process of single flower is completed in one day,and its flowering process can be divided into 4 stages:bud loosening,early flowering,flowering and wilt stages.The number of single flowers in inflorescence was about 27 per cluster,and the capsule number in infructescence was about 18 per cluster.The average number of seeds per fructification plant reached 5881.68,and the number of seed was fairly large.(2)The multilocus outcrossing rate(t_(m))and the singlelocus outcrossing rate(t_(s))of the species were 0.982 and 0.752,respectively,and the multilocus outcrossing rate(t_(m))was higher than the singlelocus outcrossing rate(t_(s)),indicating a certain inbreeding rate at the species level.The rate of biparental inbreeding was 0.230.The coefficient of inbreeding depression(δ)was 4.332 and greater than zero,indicating that the inbreeding depression occurred in this species.The multilocus correlation(r_(pm))and the singlelocus correlation rate(r_(ps))on the species level for S.rhodoleuca were 0.272 and 0.314,respectively.There was a significant population g

关 键 词：濒危 合柱金莲木 开花 结实 物候 交配系统 

分 类 号：Q418[生物学—生理学] Q945.5