考虑拥堵的轴辐式快递网络的布局优化与资源均衡研究  

Layout Optimization and Resource Balancing WhenConsidering Congestion on the Hub-and-SpokeExpress Network

作　　者：王咏仪 WANG Yongyi(School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092

出　　处：《上海管理科学》2024年第1期72-76,95,共6页Shanghai Management Science

摘　　要：轴辐式快递网络通过整合枢纽间的快递资源实现了规模经济,网络运输成本也得以降低,但枢纽处的集聚效应也使其成为网络中最易发生拥堵的节点。构建快递网络时,既要优化网络的基本布局来实现成本控制,也要设计资源均衡策略来缓解网络的局部拥堵,进一步提高网络的可靠性。基于此构建一个两阶段决策方法,第一阶段考虑运输成本进行枢纽选址的决策,第二阶段实施资源均衡策略来缓解拥堵,利用该两阶段决策模型构建了一个覆盖我国中东部的轴辐式快递网络。研究案例中,资源均衡策略使拥堵枢纽个数降低20%~67%,枢纽资源利用率的方差降低,枢纽整体的资源均衡水平提高。上述案例分析结果验证了两阶段决策方法的有效性和应用价值。Hub-and-spoke express networks achieve economies of scale by integrating express resources between hubs,and transportation costs can also be reduced.However,the agglomeration effect at the hub also makes it the most likely congested node in the network.When constructing an express network,it is necessary to optimize the basic layout of the network under cost control and design a resource-balancing strategy to alleviate the regional congestion of the network and further improve the network's reliability.Based on this,a two-phase decision-making method is constructed,where the first phase considers transportation costs for the decision of hub location.The second phase implements a resource-balancing strategy to alleviate congestion.The congested cargo flows are redistributed,and transportation is detoured to hubs with residual resources.A hub-and-spoke express network covering central-eastern China is constructed utilizing the two-stage decision-making model.In the study case,the resource balancing strategy reduces the number of congested hubs by 20%-67%,the variance of the resource utilization of the hubs decreases,and the resource balancing level of the network increases.The above case study results validate the effectiveness and application value of the two-phase decision-making method.

关 键 词：快递网络优化 轴辐式网络 资源均衡 网络拥堵 

分 类 号：F542[经济管理—产业经济]