合浦汉墓出土典型宝玉石珠饰的科学分析及其对产地溯源的启示  

Typical Bead Ornaments Made of Gem and Jade Unearthed from Han Tombs in Hepu County:Scientific Analysis and Its Inspirations for Origin Tracing

作　　者：刘松[1] 刘琦 袁仪梦 董俊卿[1] 李青会[1] LIU Song;LIU Qi;YUAN Yimeng;DONG Junqing;LI Qinghui(Center of Sci-Tech Archaeology,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Archaeometry and Conservation Science,Hunan Museum,Changsha 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所科技考古中心,上海201800 [2]湖南博物院科技考古与文物保护利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文）》2023年第6期95-111,共17页Journal of Gems & Gemmology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《汉代海上丝绸之路沿线国家考古遗存研究及相关历史文献整理》,项目批准号21&ZD235;《岭南出土汉-唐珠饰与海上丝绸之路研究》项目。

摘　　要：珠饰作为丝绸之路交流的重要标识物之一,具有材质多样、体积小、数量大、时空分布广泛等特征,是研究区域间和区域内交流与互动的重要实物证据。广西合浦是汉代海上丝绸之路始发地之一,合浦汉墓出土了大量珍贵的宝玉石质珠饰。本文利用多种现代分析技术对合浦汉墓出土的各类典型宝玉石质珠饰样品进行了科学研究,明确了各类珠饰的材质属性、制作工艺等相关信息,探讨了其可能的产地来源。分析表明,合浦汉墓出土的宝玉石质珠饰主要有绿柱石、石榴子石、玛瑙、水晶(无色水晶、黄水晶、紫水晶等)、绿松石、琥珀等类型,反映了汉代合浦地区与南亚、东南亚以及中原内陆地区之间的联系。合浦汉墓出土的珠饰特征与桂北地区存在一定差异,表明了内陆江河是古代区域内交流与互动的重要渠道,在区域内交流过程中发挥了重要作用。As one of the important identifiers for the interactions among different countries and areas along the Silk Road,bead ornaments have some distinctive characteristics,such as diverse materials,small size,large quantity,wide spatial,temporal distribution etc.,which makes them important physical evidence for inter-and intra-regional contacts.Hepu county is one of the starting places of the Maritime Silk Road,and a large number of precious and gem beads were unearthed from the Han tomb located in Hepu.In this study,a variety of modern analysis technologies are used to analyse the typical bead ornaments unearthed from Han tombs in Hepu systematicly.The material properities and production techniques for the samples are clarified,and the possible origins are discussed.The experimental results indicate that the gemstone beads unearthed from Han tombs in Hepu mainly include beryl,garnet,agate,crystal(colorless,yellow,purple,etc.),turquoise,amber,and other types.These findings reflect the connections between Hepu region and South Asia,Southeast Asia,as well as the central plains of China during the Han Dynasty.The characteristics of the beads unearthed from Han tombs in Hepu show certain differences from those in the northern part of Guangxi,suggesting that inland rivers were important channels for communication and interaction within ancient regions,playing a significant role in regional exchanges.

关 键 词：珠饰 宝玉石 合浦 汉墓 海上丝绸之路 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TS93[历史地理—历史学]