规模化奶牛养殖粪水还田对土壤理化性质及微生物群落特征的影响  

Effects of irrigating manure water from a scaled dairy farm on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities

作　　者：赵晓芳 许继飞 贺旭德 李桐 刘建国[2] 李国庆 ZHAO Xiaofang;XU Jifei;HE Xude;LI Tong;LIU Jianguo;LI Guoqing(School of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010021;College of Energy and Power Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010051;Hohhot Branch of Inner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring Station,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010030)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,内蒙古环境污染控制与废物资源化重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古工业大学能源与动力学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [3]内蒙古自治区环境监测总站呼和浩特分站,内蒙古呼和浩特010030

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第2期165-168,192,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.52260021);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(No.2020GG0015、No.2020GG0081)。

摘　　要：规模化奶牛养殖粪水还田可实现资源化利用,但其对土壤环境的影响尚待明晰。通过完全随机区组设计试验研究了粪水还田量分别为0、0.32、0.64、0.96 t/m^(2)时对土壤理化性质及微生物群落特征的影响。结果表明:养殖粪水还田可以提高土壤养分和作物生物量,最合适的粪水还田量应为0.64 t/m^(2),此时对土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性影响也最小。土壤细菌中的优势细菌属斯克尔曼氏菌属(Skermanella)可生物固氮,减少土壤氮素流失;芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)能分泌纤维素酶,有利于土壤中纤维素类的降解。子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为最主要的优势真菌门,它们有助于植物纤维素和木质素的降解。Irrigating manure water may realize utilization,but its effects on soil environment still need to be figured out.This study set up a completely randomized block design experiment with 4 irrigating amounts of 0,0.32,0.64 and 0.96 t/m^(2)to analyze the effects of irrigating manure water on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities.Results showed that irrigating manure water could increase soil nutrients and crop biomass.The most suitable irrigating amounts should be 0.64 t/m^(2),which had the least effect on soil microbial community abundance and diversity,too.The dominant bacteria Skermanella could fix nitrogen so as to reduce nitrogen loss,and Bacillus could secrete cellulase to degrade cellulose.Ascomycota was the most dominant fungus.It could help to degrade cellulose and lignin.

关 键 词：养殖粪水 土壤理化性质 微生物群落 盐渍化 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] X713[农业科学—农业基础科学] S141[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S153