氮肥调控对紫云英-水稻轮作系统结瘤固氮特征及生产力的影响  

Nitrogen management regulates nitrogen fixation efficiency of milk vetch and rice productivity under milk vetch-rice rotation system

作　　者：张军倩 董玉兵 焦颖 王冰雪 王琛源 宋梦馨 熊正琴 ZHANG Jun-qian;DONG Yu-bing;JIAO Ying;WANG Bing-xue;WANG Chen-yuan;SONG Meng-xin;XIONG Zheng-qin(Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and GHGs Mitigation,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省低碳农业与温室气体减排重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32001213,42377292);淮安市重点研发计划(乡村振兴类)项目(HAN202313);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)项目(BE2021378);淮安市农业科学院科研发展基金(HNY202027)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同水平氮肥管理对绿肥季共生固氮、固氮酶活性及后茬单季稻养分吸收和产量的综合影响。[方法]本试验以长期紫云英-水稻轮作系统为研究对象,设置4个处理:水稻-冬闲-NO (RF-N0)、水稻-紫云英-NO (RM-N0)、水稻-紫云英-N1 (RM-N1)、水稻-紫云英-N2 (RM-N2),NO、N1、N2分别代表绿肥季施用NO、50、100 kg/hm^(2),水稻季则统一施入N200 kg/hm^(2)。进行两个轮作周期的田间试验,测定紫云英季植株氮吸收量、根瘤量、根瘤固氮酶活性及水稻季植株氮吸收、籽粒产量和品质。[结果]在绿肥季,RM-N0处理紫云英两年平均共生固氮量达N 78.3 kg/hm^(2),共生固氮率高达91.1%。与RM-N0处理相比,RM-N1和RMN2处理两年平均固氮量分别减少6.5%和50.8%,共生固氮率分别降低22.1%和72.1%。配施氮肥改善了根瘤固氮酶活性,但配施高量氮肥显著降低了紫云英根瘤重量。RM-N0处理紫云英氮吸收量为N 86.0 kg/hm^(2),与之相比,RM-N1和RM-N2处理紫云英两年平均氮吸收量分别提高25.5%和62.7%。与RF-N0处理相比,RM的3个处理水稻产量2021年提高了6.1%~10.8%,2022年提高了6.7%~10.9%。与RF-N0相比,RM-N1和RMN2处理水稻籽粒蛋白质含量分别显著提高了11.5%和21.5%,籽粒直链淀粉含量和食味值则无显著变化。与RF相比,RM的3个处理均显著抑制杂草生长,改善土壤全氮含量。紫云英根际土壤RM-N0处理AOA基因拷贝数最大,RM-N2处理AOB基因拷贝数最大,RM-N1处理nifH基因拷贝数最大。[结论]种植并翻压紫云英可显著抑制杂草生长,增加水稻产量,改善水稻品质。紫云英施用氮肥可提高其氮吸收量,改善固氮酶活性;低氮肥用量还可显著提高根瘤生物量,显著增加土壤中nifH基因拷贝数。因此,在水稻-紫云英轮作系统,紫云英季施用N 50 kg/hm^(2)可显著提升绿肥对水稻的增产提质效果,提高土壤生产力。【Objectives】The objective of this study was to investigate the comprehensive effects of nitrogen fertilization amounts on legumes crop N fixation,nitrogenase activity in green manure season and rice nutrient absorption and yield in later rice season.【Methods】The long-term Chinese milk vetch-rice rotation system was adopted in this experiment,with four field treatments established:rice-winter fallow-N0(RF-N0),rice-milk vetch-N0(RM-N0),rice-milk vetch-N1(RM-N1),rice-milk vetch-N2(RM-N2).N0,N1 and N2 represented the application of 0,50,100 kg/hm^(2) of N during the milk vetch green manure season,respectively,while 200 kg/hm^(2) of N was uniformly applied during the subsequent rice season.Field observations on symbiotic nitrogen fixation,nitrogenase activity,nutrient nitrogen uptake by milk vetch,and nitrogen uptake,yield and qualities of grains by rice were conducted for 2 consecutive rotations.【Results】During the green manure crop season,the average symbiotic nitrogen fixation of RM-N0 reached 78.3 kg/hm^(2) of N and the average symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate being 91.1%.Compared with the RM-N0,the average symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the RM-N1 and RM-N2 was reduced by 6.5%and 50.8%,respectively.The average symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate of the RM-N1 and RM-N2 was reduced by 22.1%and 72.1%,respectively as compared with the RM-N0 treatment.The nitrogenase activity per unit nodule was improved with the increase of nitrogen application during green manure season.While the Chinese milk vetch nodule biomass was significantly reduced under high nitrogen addition at 100 kg/hm^(2) of N.In the green manure season,the average nitrogen uptake in the RM-N0 was 86.0 kg/hm^(2) of N.Compared with RM-N0 treatment,the average nitrogen uptake of the RM-N1 and RM-N2 treatments increased by 25.5%and 62.7%,respectively.Compared with the RF-N0 treatment,the yield of rice was significantly increased by 6.1%-10.8%(2021)and 6.7-10.9%(2022)in all three RM treatments.Moreover,the protein contents in the rice grains increase

关 键 词：紫云英 单季稻 共生固氮 固氮酶活性 水稻产量 水稻品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S551