水稻土微生物群落、酶活性及理化性质对有机肥、石灰连续施用的响应  

Response of microbial community,enzyme activity,and physicochemical property in paddy soil to continuous organic fertilizer and lime amendments

作　　者：刘鑫[1] 尹泽润 盛浩[1] 肖华翠 张丽娜[1] 周萍[2] LIU Xin;YIN Ze-run;SHENG Hao;XIAO Hua-cui;ZHANG Li-na;ZHOU Ping(College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所/亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第1期63-73,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100504);国家重点研发计划部省联动项目(2022YFD1700103-306);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2023NK2026)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究水稻土微生物群落、酶活性及理化性质对有机肥、石灰连续施用的响应规律,为培育健康水稻土提供理论依据。【方法】于2014年冬季,选取湘东双季稻区典型酸紫泥田,分别进行了连续施用鸡粪发酵商品有机肥、生石灰的大田试验。每年早、晚稻翻耕前各撒施一次有机肥、石灰,施用量均为2.25 t/hm^(2),分别以不施有机肥、石灰的处理为对照。在处理后第3年(2017年)和第7年(2021年)晚稻黄熟期,采集表层(0—15 cm)混合土壤样品,测定土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)含量、酶活性及理化性质,筛选指示性强、响应敏感的土壤指标。基于土壤理化性质与生物学性质间的相互关系,构建结构方程模型,解析土壤PLFAs含量与酶活性对有机肥、石灰处理的响应机理。【结果】与对照相比,有机肥连施3年后,土壤革兰氏阴性菌(G^(-))PLFAs含量提高23%,革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌值(G^(+)/G^(-))因而降低29%;连施7年后,总PLFAs、细菌、革兰氏阳性菌(G^(+))和放线菌PLFAs含量分别提高16%、13%、28%和38%,腐生真菌PLFAs含量降低19%,而G^(-)菌PLFAs含量、G^(+)/G^(-)均与对照无显著差异。石灰连施3年后,土壤微生物类群PLFAs含量平均降低30%,连施7年后,平均降幅增至36%。有机肥施用3年后,土壤脲酶活性提高了29%;施用7年后,土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性分别显著提高了63%、82%和39%。连施石灰3年,脲酶活性显著提高25%,连续施用7年则显著降低39%,对其他酶活性无显著影响。有机肥连施3、7年,土壤通气孔隙度分别增加了14%、33%,有机质总量分别增加了12%、7%,3个活性有机碳组分平均分别提高29%、69%;pH和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量无显著变化;连续施用石灰3、7年,土壤pH分别提高0.6、0.6个单位,而通气孔隙度分别显著降低了47%、28%,总有机质和易氧化有机碳含量无显著变化,细颗粒有机碳含量分别【Objectives】We studied the soil microbial community,enzyme activity,and physicochemical properties after continuous applying organic fertilizer and liming for different years,to find out the remediation ways for acidification and possible indicators for the health of paddy soil.【Methods】A pair of commercial organic fertilizer(ChM)and quicklime application experiments were conducted in a typical acid purple mud paddy field of eastern Hunan Province since 2014 under double-rice cropping system.2.25 t/hm^(2) of ChM or quicklime was applied before transporting of early and late rice,taking no ChM and lime application as the corresponding controls.On the third(in 2017)and seventh year(in 2021),0-15 cm top soils were sampled at the late rice ripening stage for the determination of microbial phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs),enzyme activities and physicochemical properties.The correlation coefficients between soil physicochemical and biological properties were used to construct the structural equation models,and the sensitive indicators were screened by their correlation coefficients with the soil PLFAs and enzyme activities.【Results】In 2017,ChM application elevated the gram-negative bacteria(G^(-))PLFAs content by 23%,reduced the G^(+)/G^(-)ratio by 29%;and in 2021,increased the content of soil total PLFAs,bacteria,G^(+),and actinomycetes PLFAs by 16%,13%,28%,and 38%,respectively,decreased the saprotrophic fungi PLFAs by 19%,did not change the G^(-)PLFAs content and the G^(+)/G^(-)ratio significantly.Liming reduced total soil microbial PLFAs contents by 30%in 2017,and reduced that by 36%in 2021.ChM increased urease activity by 29%in 2017,and increased the activity of soil catalase,sucrase,and urease by 63%,82%,and 39%in 2021,respectively.Liming increased the urease activity by 25%in 2017 but decreased that by 39%in 2021,did not impact the activities of other tested enzymes.3 and 7 years of ChM application elevated soil aeration porosity by 14%and 33%,increased total organic matter by 12%and 7%,and increased t

关 键 词：酸紫泥田 土壤微生物 磷脂脂肪酸 土壤活性有机碳组分 酶活性 土壤健康 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S154S153