不同有机物料改善富磷菜田土壤微生物结构功能和蔬菜磷素吸收利用研究  

Application of organic materials improves microbial conmunuty structure and vegetable phosphorus nutrition under optimum chemical fertilization

作　　者：李琳琳 石宁 王菲[2] LI Lin-lin;SHI Ning;WANG Fei(State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;College of Resources and Environment,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室/山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100 [2]河南科技学院资源与环境学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第1期114-127,共14页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(32102479);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872184);河南省自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(222300420044);河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110016)。

摘　　要：【目的】碳是微生物代谢活动的优质养分和能量来源,对根际微生物的群落结构和生态功能具有重大影响。解析碳驱动微生物周转对作物吸收利用磷的影响,探索富磷土壤中磷素高效利用的绿色途径。【方法】蔬菜田间试验分别在山东东营(潮土)和淄博(褐土)进行,供试作物依次为番茄、西葫芦。设置不施肥对照(CK)、优化施肥(OPT)、优化施肥+腐植酸(OPT+HA)、优化施肥+蚯蚓粪(OPT+EC)、优化施肥+菌渣(OPT+MR) 5个处理。在拉秧期采集土样分析土壤碳、磷养分含量,碳、磷相关胞外酶活性以及土壤细菌群落特征。【结果】1)有机物料投入提高了番茄和西葫芦产量及磷吸收积累量。2)在OPT基础上,增施HA、EC和MR可显著提高土壤肥力和酶活性,以MR的提升效果最为显著。在东营,增施MR处理土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量较OPT处理分别提高了17.46%和17.03%,土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-GC)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性分别显著提高了19.75%和13.12%,土壤有效磷含量显著降低了28.50%;在临淄,增施MR土壤各类碳组分含量较OPT处理均有显著提高,增幅在16.19%~54.30%,土壤β-GC活性显著提高了24.55%。3)增施EC和MR显著提高了土壤细菌群落Chao1指数和Shannon指数;增施MR显著提高了土壤中突柄杆菌(Prosthecobacter)、堆囊菌属(Sorangium)相对丰度,增施HA显著提升了土壤中Vermiphilaceae、MWH_CFBk5、Pedobacter相对丰度;增施EC的土壤中富集了Fodinicola和Phaselicystis,改变了土壤微生物群落结构。【结论】在优化施肥基础上,增施有机物料,尤其是菌渣,可有效提高土壤可溶性有机碳比例,增加土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,显著改善土壤微生物群落结构,提高有益菌群丰度,增强土壤磷的活化,进而提高了蔬菜对磷的吸收和利用,降低了土壤中有效磷含量。因此,在富磷土壤上,优化施肥配合增施菌渣是提高土壤微生物活性及蔬�【Objectives】Carbon acts as the main nutrient and energy source in microbial metabolic activities,driving the microbial turnover in soil and consequently affecting the nutrient uptake and utilization by crops.We studied the effect of carbon from different organic sources on the P efficient utilization in P-rich soil.【Methods】Two field experiments were carried out in greenhouse of Dongying City(fluvo-aquic soil)and Linzi City(cinnamon soil),Shandong Province.The test materials were tomato and zucchini,respectively.Five treatments included no fertilization control(CK),optimized fertilization(OPT),optimized fertilization plus humic acid(OPT+HA),earthworm castings(OPT+EC),and mushroom residues(OPT+MR).The tomato and zucchini fruit yields were investigated.The soil was sampled after the vines removed for the determination of soil carbon and P contents,extracellular enzyme activities,and bacterial community structures and relative abundances of main microorganisms.【Results】1)Compared with OPT,all the organic materials increased the yield and P uptake of tomato and zucchini,increased the soil fertilities and enzyme activities,especially MR treatment.2)In Dongying experiment,MR application increased soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)content by 17.46%and 17.03%,enhanced soilβ-glucosidase(β-GC)and acid phosphatase(ACP)activities by 19.75%and 13.12%,decreased soil Olsen-P content by 28.50%.In Linzi experiment,MR application increased all the test carbon component contents in soil,with the increase range of 16.19%–54.30%,and increased soilβ-GC activity by 24.55%.3)Compared to OPT,EC and MR application significantly increased the Chao1 and Shannon indices of soil bacterial community;MR treatment enhanced the relative abundances of Prosthecobacter and Sorangium;HA input increased the relative abundance of Vermiphilaceae,MWH_CFBk5,and Pedobacter,respectively.EC treatment enriched Fodinicola and Phaselicystis in soil,and changed the soil microbial community structure.【Conclusion

关 键 词：富磷土壤 土壤碳组分 土壤胞外酶活性 土壤微生物生物量 Α多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S63[农业科学—农业基础科学]