氮磷钾配方施肥提高林下七叶一枝花产量和重楼皂苷含量  

Optimum nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium combination increases the rhizome yield and saponin content of Paris polyphylla

作　　者：苏海兰[1] 郑梅霞[1] 陈宏[1] 朱雁鸣 朱育菁[1] SU Hai-lan;ZHENG Mei-xia;CHEN Hong;ZHU Yan-ming;ZHU Yu-jing(Institute of Crop Sciences,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Germplasm Resources Center,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院作物研究所/福建省种质资源中心,福建福州350003

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第1期128-136,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：福建省科技重大专项(2022NZ029017);福建省农业科学院青年英才项目(YC2021002);福建省农业科学院科技创新及服务团队项目(CXTD2021014-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究氮、磷、钾不同组合用量对林下栽培七叶一枝花产量及重楼皂苷含量的影响,为七叶一枝花人工栽培合理施肥提供参考。【方法】采用“3414”试验设计,利用福建南平杉竹混交林下4年生七叶一枝花(Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis (Franch.) Hara)进行田间试验,将氮、磷、钾肥当地适宜水平定为“2”,分别为N 270 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5) 375 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 300 kg/hm^(2),不足“1”和过量“3”水平分别为适宜水平的0.5、1.5倍。在七叶一枝花收获时期,测定其植株形态、根茎产量、4种重楼皂苷含量等指标,并计算生产效益。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥用量均显著影响七叶一枝花的植株形态、根茎产量和重楼皂苷含量,对七叶一枝花根茎产量的提升率分别为59.75%、27.54%、63.15%,以钾肥的贡献率最高,其次为氮肥,磷肥较低。N1水平下,增加磷、钾水平显著降低七叶一枝花的株高、茎粗和叶长,N3水平七叶一枝花的株高、叶长均达到最高,但茎粗低于N1和N2水平,表明适宜氮肥用量对七叶一枝花的生长至关重要。七叶一枝花的根茎产量和总重楼皂苷含量还受肥料交互效应的影响。当N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O用量分别为270、375、450 kg/hm^(2) (N_(2)P_(2)K_3)和270、375、300 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))时,根茎产量达到最高,分别为2804、2648 kg/hm^(2)。N_(2)P_(2)K_3的总重楼皂苷含量也最大,达到1.62%,显著高于其他处理。施氮磷钾肥净增收效益在N_(2)P_(2)K_3处理下最高,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理次之。【结论】适量的氮、磷肥配合较高的钾肥可显著提升七叶一枝花根茎产量和总重楼皂苷含量,提高七叶一枝花的经济效益。因此,在供试地区,推荐N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O用量分别为270、375、450 kg/hm^(2)。【Objectives】The effect of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)fertilizer levels on the yield and the saponin content of Paris polyphylla was studied,so as to propose a fertilizer formula for the efficient artificial cultivation.【Methods】A Paris polyphylla field experiment was conducted in Chinese fir and bamboo mixed forest in Nanping City of Fujian Province,using“3414”experiment design.The N 270 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)375 kg/hm^(2),and K2O 300 kg/hm^(2) were defined as level“2”,the 0.5 and 1.5 times of level 2 amount were defined as level“1”(insufficient)and level“3”(superfluous),respectively,and total of 14 fertilizer combination treatments were formed.At the harvest period of P.polyphylla,the plant morphology,rhizome yield,and the content of four saponins components in rhizomes were measured,and the production efficiency was calculated.【Results】Application amount of N,P,and K fertilizers significantly affected the plant morphology,rhizome yield and saponin content of P.polyphylla,the contribution rates of N,P,and K fertilizer to rhizome yield were 59.75%,27.54%,and 63.15%,respectively,with the highest contribution by K and lowest by P fertilizer.At N1 level,increase P and K levels decreased the plant height,stem diameter and leaf length.Treatments at N3 level were recorded the highest plant height and leaf length,but lower stem diameter than the treatments at N1 and N_(2) levels,indicating the importance of suitable N level for plant growth.The N,P,and K fertilizers showed interaction on the rhizome yield and saponin content.N_(2)P_(2)K_(3) and N_(2)P2K2 combination were recorded significantly higher rhizome yields than the other combinations,and N_(2)P_(2)K_(3) combination was tested the highest saponin content(1.62%).As a result,N_(2)P2K3 achieved the highest production benefit,followed by N_(2)P_(2)K_(2).【Conclusions】Appropriate levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with relatively high level of K fertilizer favors the growth and saponin accumulation in rhizome

关 键 词：七叶一枝花 “3414”设计 植株形态 根茎产量 重楼皂苷 经济效益 氮磷钾组合 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]