接种丛枝菌根真菌配合氮肥减施对辣椒–大豆间作体系氮素吸收的影响  

Effects of AMF inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on nitrogen uptake in pepper-soybean intercropping systems

作　　者：余众 刘圆圆 夏懿 张仕颖[1,2] 王豹 岳献荣[1] 夏运生[1,2] YU Zhong;LIU Yuan-yuan;XIA Yi;ZHANG Shi-ying;WANG Bao;YUE Xian-rong;XIA Yun-sheng(Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation Engineering Research Center,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心,云南昆明650201 [3]四川农业大学,四川成都610000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第1期137-146,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202002AE320005-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】叶菜及经济效益较高的茄果类如辣椒、番茄等占云南省设施蔬菜栽培面积的62.19%,蔬菜连作以及氮肥的大量施用制约了设施蔬菜高产优质,降低了土壤质量。研究接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和氮水平对作物生长、土壤氮残留及生物相关特性的影响,为提高设施蔬菜产量,减少氮肥施用量,降低土壤氮残留提供理论依据。【方法】以大豆和辣椒间作为种植模式进行盆栽试验。设计了接种AMF、氮肥用量、种植模式三因素试验。在大豆、辣椒单作、大豆辣椒间作3个种植模式下,分别设3个施氮(N)水平:0、100、200 mg/kg土(N0、N1、N2);每个氮水平下,再设土壤不接种、接种AMF菌剂处理(NM、AMF),共组成18个处理。在蔬菜收获期,取样测定蔬菜生物量、根系长度、AMF侵染率,测定根际土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量、氮代谢酶活性以及菌丝密度。【结果】接种AMF、施氮量、种植模式及三者的交互作用对辣椒和大豆根系AMF侵染率、植株生物量和根长的影响都达到显著水平(P<0.01)。N1处理显著增加了辣椒、大豆根系的菌根侵染率,且在间作条件下的增幅最高;N1处理下,接种AMF和间作均显著增加了辣椒、大豆植株生物量和氮吸收量,抑制了根系的伸长。N2处理显著增加了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,接种AMF显著降低了辣椒、大豆植株根际土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,间作则显著降低了辣椒根际土壤硝态氮含量和大豆根际土壤铵态氮含量。接种AMF、间作均明显增加了植物根际土壤中蛋白酶、脲酶及硝酸还原酶活性。N1处理显著增加了土壤菌丝密度,间作条件下接种AMF显著增加了辣椒根际土壤菌丝密度。【结论】配合间作和接种AMF措施,氮肥减施可提高蔬菜根际菌根侵染率,增加土壤中菌丝密度,提高氮代谢酶活性,从而促进蔬菜生长和氮素吸收,减少土壤氮残留,因此,蔬菜间作种植下,接种AMF配【Objectives】In Yunnan Province,leafy and high-profit fruit vegetables account for 62.19%of the total facilities cultivation,the continuous application of nitrogen fertilizer(N)in large quantity has restricted the further improvement of vegetable yield and quality,and deteriorated soil fertility.Targeting on the situation,we studied the effects of microbial agent,N reduction and planting patterns.【Methods】A three-factor pot experiment was conducted,using a continuous leafy vegetable production soil,and pepper(Tianjiao No.6 F1)and soybean(Diandou No.7)as test materials.Plant patterns included pepper,soybean monoculture,and intercropping.Under each pattern,three N rates:0,100,200 mg/(kg,soil)were set up and denoted as N0,N1,and N2;and each N rate contained AMF inoculation and no inoculation(denoted as AMF,and NM).After harvest,the plant biomass,N concentration,the root length and AMF infection rate were investigated.Soil samples were collected at the same time for the determination of protease,urease and nitrate reductase activity,and nitrate and ammonium N content,and mycelium density.【Results】AMF inoculation,N rate and plant pattern,and the interaction of the three factors showed extremely significant effect on the plant biomass,root length,and AMF infection rate(P<0.01).N1 significantly increased root infection of pepper and soybean,with the highest infection rate under intercropping pattern.Under N1 condition,AMF inoculation significantly increased plant biomass and N uptake,but inhibited root elongation of pepper and soybean,likely,intercropping significantly increased plant biomass but inhibited root elongation.N2 rate increased soil ammonium N and nitrate N content significantly,but AMF inoculation decreased rhizosphere ammonium N and nitrate N content,and intercropping decreased pepper rhizosphere soil nitrate N and soybean rhizosphere soil ammonium N content.AMF inoculation and intercropping increased the activities of soil protease,urease and nitrate reductase.N1 increased soil hyphae density s

关 键 词：连作设施土壤 丛枝菌根真菌 辣椒大豆间作 氮肥减施 土壤氮循环相关酶活性 菌丝密度 土壤氮残留 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S565.1[农业科学—园艺学]