基于区块链和SM9数字签名的代理投票方案  

The Proxy Voting Scheme Based on the Blockchain and SM9 Digital Signature

作　　者：朱郭诚 何德彪 安浩杨 彭聪 ZHU Guocheng;HE Debiao;AN Haoyang;PENG Cong(School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing of Ministry of Education,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国家网络安全学院,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学空天信息安全与可信计算教育部重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《信息网络安全》2024年第1期36-47,共12页Netinfo Security

基　　金：国家自然科学基金[U21A20466,62172307,62272350]。

摘　　要：随着互联网的普及,电子投票技术逐渐替代传统纸质投票技术。然而,传统的电子投票方案主要针对一人一票制来设计方案,在一些特殊的投票场景下,一人一票制投票方式不再适用。例如,投票者不具备专业知识却也需要投票的场景,投票者由于不能理解选举的内容而消极投票,造成选举结果不专业和不公正等问题。此外,传统的电子投票技术还存在选举过程不透明和选票不可验证等问题。针对上述问题,文章提出一种基于区块链和SM9数字签名的代理投票方案。该方案首先使用区块链技术解决选票的全局可验证问题,其次使用零知识范围证明技术解决恶意选票值的问题,然后利用基于椭圆曲线的改进ElGamal算法的同态性质实现选票加密和自计票功能,最后使用SM9数字签名算法和变色龙哈希函数设计的代理投票凭证实现投票权的转让过程。通过安全性分析,证明了文章所提方案满足鲁棒性、合法性、机密性、全局可验证性和公平性。理论分析和实验数据表明,文章所提方案性能良好,适用于需要专业知识场景下的选举。With the popularization of the Internet,electronic voting technology is gradually replacing traditional paper voting.However,traditional electronic voting schemes are mainly designed for the one-person-one-vote system,and this voting system will no longer be applicable in some special voting scenarios.For example,in the scenario where voters must vote despite lacking professional knowledge.In this case,voters without professional knowledge generally cannot understand the content of the election,so they will vote negatively,resulting in unprofessional and unfair election results.In addition,traditional electronic voting technology also has problems with opaque election process and unverifiable votes.To address these problems,this paper proposed the proxy voting scheme based on the blockchain and SM9 digital signature to solve these problems.This algorithm first used blockchain technology to solve the problem of verifiable votes,then used the zero-knowledge range proof technique to prevent malicious vote scores,and then the homomorphic property of the modified ElGamal algorithm based on the elliptic curve was used to realize the function of ballot encryption and self-counting.Finally,voting rights transfer process was realized by the proxy voting certificate designed by SM9 digital signature algorithm and chameleon Hash function.Through the security analysis,it is proved that the proposed scheme satisfies robustness,legitimacy,confidentiality,global verifiability,and fairness.Theoretical analysis and experimental data show that the proposed scheme performs well,and can be applied to an election that requires professional knowledge.

关 键 词：电子代理投票 区块链 SM9数字签名算法 变色龙哈希函数 范围证明 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]