盘锦地区中华绒螯蟹养殖及越冬期间的“牛奶病”发病特点调查  

A survey on the characteristics of‘milk disease’in Eriocheir sinensis farming and overwintering in Panjin region

作　　者：刘芳 刘乃更 杨占全 梁芳 邢冬飞 李让 耿丹 孙娜 LIU Fang;LIU Naigeng;YANG Zhanquan;LIANG Fang;XING Dongfei;LI Rang;GENG Dan;SUN Na(Panjin Photosynthetic Crab Industry Co.,Ltd.,Panjin 124200,Liaoning China)

机构地区：[1]盘锦光合蟹业有限公司,辽宁盘锦124200

出　　处：《黑龙江水产》2023年第6期409-415,共7页Northern Chinese Fisheries

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术基金项目(编号:2022-PJLH-01);2021年辽宁省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021JH1/10400040)。

摘　　要：近几年辽宁盘锦地区河蟹“牛奶病”暴发,给养殖户造成较大的经济损失。为了调查“牛奶病”的发病特点及规律,2022年7~9月份对盘锦地区的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)稻田养殖过程进行了“牛奶病”的监测与调查。2022年12月及2023年2月对不同扣蟹越冬暂养密度、不同越冬模式的扣蟹“牛奶病”发病情况进行了调查。结果显示,在稻田养殖阶段9月份为主要的发病时间,且成蟹养殖阶段的发病率高于扣蟹养殖阶段,扣蟹越冬暂养期间暂养密度越大,“牛奶病”患病率越高。越冬前挑选雌雄的过程会增加“牛奶病”患病率。该研究为中华绒螯蟹养殖及越冬暂养期间的“牛奶病”预防和控制提供数据支持。In recent years,the outbreak of“milk disease”in Eriocheir sinensis in Panjin,Liaoning Province,has caused large economic losses to farmers.In order to investigate the characteristics and pattern of“milk disease”,the monitoring and investigation of"milk disease"was carried out in July-September 2022 on the paddy culture process of Eriocheir sinensis in Panjin area,and the monitoring and investigation of"milk disease"was carried out in December 2022 and February 2023 on different snap crabs with different overwintering densities and different overwintering modes.In December 2022 and February 2023,we investigated the incidence of“milk disease”in snap crabs with different overwintering densities and different overwintering patterns.The results showed that September was the main time for the onset of the disease in the paddy field culture stage,and the incidence rate was higher in the adult crab culture stage than in the snap Eriocheir sinensis culture stage,and the higher the stocking density of snap crabs during the over-wintering period,the higher the prevalence of"milk disease".The prevalence of"milk sickness"increased with higher density during the over-wintering of button crabs.This study provides data support for the prevention and control of milk sickness during Eriocheir sinensis culture and overwintering.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis) 扣蟹养殖 成蟹养殖 扣蟹越冬 二尖梅奇酵母(Metschnikowia bicuspidata) 

分 类 号：S945.6[农业科学—水产养殖]