自由贸易协定环境条款对污染型行业出口的影响——基于中国微观企业的经验研究  

The Impact of Environmental Provisions in Free Trade Agreements on Exports in Polluting Industries——Empirical Research Based on Chinese Firms

作　　者：张礼卿[1] 汪俊波 孙瑾 ZHANG Liqing;WANG Junbo;SUN Jin

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学金融学院、国际金融研究中心 [2]中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院 [3]中央财经大学绿色金融国际研究院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2023年第12期38-54,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“稳慎推进人民币国际化的策略和路径”(21AZD066);国家自然科学基金青年项目“区域贸易协定深度对中国企业产品质量的影响研究”(72103219);北京高校高精尖学科“战略经济与军民融合”交叉学科(GJJ2019163);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助;中央财经大学科研创新团队支持计划资助。

摘　　要：本文构建了自由贸易协定环境条款对异质性企业进出口行为影响的理论模型,并以自由贸易协定中环境条款的纳入作为准自然实验,采用2002—2016年中国海关数据库的数据,并运用三重差分法,研究自由贸易协定环境条款在提高了双边贸易成本的背景下如何影响污染型行业的企业出口。研究结果表明:自由贸易协定环境条款降低了中国与缔约方之间的出口贸易额,尤其是对污染型行业,污染排放强度越大抑制作用就越大;从影响机制来看,自由贸易协定环境条款增加了污染行业的企业退出,抑制了该行业的企业进入,使污染行业的贸易发生转移,而未退出的污染行业出口价格将上涨,产量将降低,行业平均产品质量将下降,促使污染行业的出口额下降;生产率越高的企业,环境条款对其出口造成的负向影响越小;在一系列异质性分析和稳健性检验后,本文结论仍然成立。This paper formulates a theoretical model to assess the effects of environmental provisions embedded in free trade agreements(FTAs)on the import and export behaviors of heterogeneous firms.Utilizing environmental provisions in FTAs as a quasi-natural experiment,our study employs data from the China Customs Database spanning from 2002 to 2016.Using the triple difference method,we investigate the impact of these provisions on firms'exports in polluting industries amid heightened bilateral trade costs.This study reveals the following key findings:firstly,environmental provisions exhibit a negative impact on exports between China and its contracting parties,particularly affecting polluting industries.The inhibitory effect intensifies in correlation with higher pollution intensity.Secondly,mechanism analysis indicates that environmental provisions within FTAs expedite the exit of enterprises in polluting industries,impede the entry of new firms into the sector,thereby inducing a restructuring of trade in polluting industries.Thirdly,the surviving firms experience an increase in prices,a reduction in production volume,and a decline in the average quality of industry products.Consequently,the values of exports in polluting industries decline.Notably,the adverse impact of environmental provisions on exports is mitigated by enhanced enterprise productivity.A series of heterogeneity analyses and robustness tests affirm the conclusions presented in this paper.

关 键 词：自由贸易协定 环境条款 异质性企业 污染行业出口 

分 类 号：F741[经济管理—国际贸易]