服务外包有助于促进中国制造业企业“走出去”吗——“两业融合”视角下的准自然实验  

Does Service Outsourcing Promote the“Going Global”of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises-A Quasi-natural Experiment from the Perspective of“Integrationof Two Industries”

作　　者：刘娟[1] 刘梦洁 潘梓桐 LIU Juan;LIU Mengjie;PAN Zitong

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2023年第12期132-150,共19页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘双循环’下开放式创新对中国跨国企业创新质量提升的作用机制与路径研究”(22BGL020)。

摘　　要：本文基于2003—2020年上市企业数据及三批次服务外包示范城市数据,运用双重差分法探究“两业融合”视角下服务外包发展对制造业企业对外直接投资(OFDI)的影响效果及路径。研究发现:服务外包发展对制造业企业OFDI具有显著的激励作用,经过一系列稳健性及内生性检验后此研究结果依然成立。考虑企业层面及OFDI区位特征因素后的分样本回归结果存在异质性。“两业融合”视角下服务外包借助数智化要素投入效应、服务化产出提升效应对制造业企业OFDI发挥促进作用。使用行业层面数据的进一步研究发现,服务外包对投入服务化程度较低的制造业企业“走出去”具有促进作用,对投入服务化程度较高的制造业企业“走出去”则会产生挤出效应。数字经济背景下服务外包对数字化投入程度较高及较低的两类制造业企业“走出去”亦会产生负向影响:前者同样表现为挤出效应,后者则表现为数字化投入较低的制造业企业对服务外包政策的响应不足。本研究对高水平开放下“两业融合”与中国企业国际化多元路径选择具有重要的借鉴意义。Utilizing the Difference-in-Differences method and data from listed enterprises and three batches of service outsourcing demonstration cities spanning from 2003 to 2020,this paper examines the influence and mechanisms of service outsourcing on the outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of“integration of two industries”.The findings suggest that service outsourcing has a positive influence on OFDI,which remains true even after conducting various robustness and endogeneity tests.Sub-sample regression analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts based on enterprise-level and OFDI location factors.Service outsourcing promotes OFDI of manufacturing firms by facilitating digital intelligent input and enhancing service-oriented output.Additionally,this study reveals that while service outsourcing propels OFDI of manufacturing firms with low input servitization,it leads to a crowding-out effect for those with high input servitization.Under the background of digital economy,service outsourcing also has a negative impact on OFDI of both manufacturing enterprises with high and low input digitization,indicating a crowding-out effect for the former and an insufficient response from the later to the service outsourcing policy.The implications of this study extend to“integration of two industries”and the diverse paths chosen by Chinese enterprises for internationalization amid high-level opening-up.

关 键 词：服务外包 “两业融合” 对外直接投资 数智化转型 数字化投入 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]