紫花苜蓿地下滴灌灌水均匀性与适宜灌溉定额研究  

Research on the Irrigation Uniformity and Appropriate Irrigation Quota of Subsurface Drip Irrigation of Alfalfa

作　　者：郑和祥[1] 曹雪松[1] 畅利毛 曾平[3] ZHENG He-xiang;CAO Xue-song;CHANG Li-mao;ZENG Ping(Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Geological Survey Research Institute of Inner Mongolia,Huhhot 010020,Inner Mongolia,China;Bureau for Retired Personnel Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [2]内蒙古自治区地质调查研究院,呼和浩特内蒙古010020 [3]水利部离退休干部局,北京100053

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第2期91-95,102,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：“科技兴蒙”重点专项项目(2021EEDSCXSFQZD010);鄂尔多斯市科技计划项目(2021YY社38-47)。

摘　　要：研究主要探究不同灌溉方式紫花苜蓿地下滴灌灌水均匀性差距,并提出适宜的灌水定额。采用田间试验,设3个地下滴灌灌水定额(20、25、30 mm),2个埋设深度(10、20 cm)和2个滴头流量(1.38、2.0 L/h),研究了滴灌带流量、埋深在不同紫花苜蓿生育期内的灌水均匀度差异,同时进一步探究了不同灌水处理对紫花苜蓿株高、产量等参数的影响。滴灌带滴头流量对滴灌灌水均匀性的影响相对较大。在相同的滴灌带滴头流量下,滴灌带埋设深度10 cm与20 cm对滴灌灌水均匀系数影响不显著。当耗水量为456.69 mm时,紫花苜蓿干草产量最大,为12847.78 kg/hm-2。基于节水效果、产量和高效等多生产因素的综合考虑,建议鄂尔多斯鄂托克前旗地区紫花苜蓿地下滴灌灌水定额为25 mm,灌水12~14次。In order to study the irrigation uniformity of alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation and propose a reasonable irrigation quota,this paper uses the method of field experiment,3 irrigation quotas(20,25,30 mm)for subsurface drip irrigation,2 drip irrigation belts for burial depth(10,20 cm),and 2 drip irrigation belt dripper flow rates(1.38,2.0 L/h)are used to study the research,the effects of drip irrigation belt dripper flow,burial depth of drip irrigation belt,alfalfa growth period on irrigation uniformity,and effects of different water treatments on alfalfa plant height and yield.The drip irrigation belt dripper flow has a relatively large influence on the drip irrigation uniformity.Increasing the drip irrigation dripper flow can improve the drip irrigation uniformity coefficient.Under the same drip irrigation belt dripper flow,the burial depth of drip irrigation belt of 10 cm and 20 cm has no significant effect on the uniformity coefficient of drip irrigation.The effect of alfalfa turning green period and flowering period,jointing period and branching period on the irrigation uniformity coefficient is not significant.When the water consumption is 456.69 mm,the hay yield of alfalfa is the largest,which is 12847.78 kg/hm2.Considering the production factors such as water saving,high yield and high efficiency,it is suggested that the irrigation quota of subsurface drip irrigation of alfalfa in Ordos Otuokeqianqi Area is 25 mm,and the irrigation water is 12 to 14 times.

关 键 词：地下滴灌 灌水均匀性 紫花苜蓿 耗水量 灌溉定额 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]