建库对库尾产卵场水动力适宜范围影响研究  

Research on the Influence of Reservoir Construction on the Deposition and Hydrodynamic Conditions in the Spawning Area at the End of the Reservoir

作　　者：马黎 孙田田 吴迪 王凯旋 MA Li;SUN Tian-tian;WU Di;WANG Kai-xuan(Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang 550081,Guizhou Province,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei Province,China;China Water Resources Beifang Investigation,Design and Research Co.Ltd.,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081 [2]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司,天津300222

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第2期153-159,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(11972265)。

摘　　要：水库修建后库区水面的抬升导致流速、水深及泥沙运动变化,也可能会影响原河段内鱼类及其他生物的生存环境。为论证建库对库尾产卵场区冲淤及适宜水动力条件影响,以LC流域某电站为例,建立一维及平面二维嵌套水沙数学模型,在推荐正常蓄水位和汛期运行控制水位的方案下,计算分析库尾鱼类产卵场区逐年淤积形态与部位、水库回水及水动力条件的变化。结果表明:推荐方案下产卵场区域河段冲淤分布和天然情况下基本相同,产卵场区含沙量没有突变区域,建库对该区淤积影响不大;建库后4-7月各月产卵场区“流速满足1.0~2.0 m/s、水深满足0.5~1.0 m”的面积升高,变化率在8.74%~386.43%。推荐正常蓄水位和汛期运行控制水位的方案下,建库对库尾产卵场区生境及适宜水动力条件影响不大,仍可满足鱼类需求;研究成果可为类似工程规划设计提供技术参考。After the construction of reservoir,the uplift of the water level leads to changes in flow rate,water depth and sediment movement,which may also affect the habitat of fish and other organisms.In order to demonstrate the influences of reservoir construction on the siltation and hydrodynamic conditions of the spawning site area and by taking a power station in LC Basin as an example,this paper establishes 1D and planar 2D nested water and sand mathematical model to study the form and position of siltation in the spawning ground,the changes of the reservoir backwater,and the hydrodynamic conditions based on the recommended normal storage level and the operating water levels during the flood season.The results show that the distribution of sediment in the spawning area under the recommended scheme is basically the same as in nature,there is no mutation area in the sediment content,and the construction of reservoir has little effect on siltation in the area.After construction,the area of spawning ground with“flow rate meeting 1.0~2.0 m/s,water depth meeting 0.5~1.0 m”increases in each month from April to July,and the change rate ranges from 8.74%to 317.36%.Under the recommended scheme,the construction of the reservoir has little impact on the habitat and hydrodynamic conditions of the spawning site area at the end of the reservoir,and can still meet the demand of fish.The research results can provide a technical reference for similar engineering planning and design.

关 键 词：水库 变动回水区 淤积 产卵场 适宜水动力条件 

分 类 号：TV147.5[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]