镍/木棉纤维衍生碳复合材料的制备及吸波性能研究  

Preparation and microwave absorbing properties ofnickel/carbon derived from kapok fiber composites

作　　者：邓菁 耿浩然 陈镜如 黄乐 赵鹏飞[3] 陈永平[1] 廖建和[1] 赵庆云 赵艳芳[1] DENG Jing;GENG Haoran;CHEN Jingru;HUANG Le;ZHAO Pengfei;CHEN Yongping;LIAO Jianhe;ZHAO Qingyun;ZHAO Yanfang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570208,China;Hainan Institute,Wuhan University of Technology,Sanya 572000,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang 524001,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学材料科学与工程学院,海口570228 [2]武汉理工大学海南研究院,海南三亚527000 [3]中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所农业农村部热带作物产品加工重点实验室,广东湛江524001

出　　处：《功能材料》2024年第1期1165-1171,共7页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：三亚崖州湾科技城海南专项博士研究生科学研究基金项目(HSPHDSRF-2022-03-007);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020217001);海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021SHFZ258);海南省自然科学基金项目(521MS082)。

摘　　要：近年来,生物质碳因成本低廉、易制备、理化性能优异和具有多孔结构被广泛应用于吸波领域。然而,其吸波性能仍然受较高电导率引发的不良阻抗限制。在此,使用镍(Ni)改性木棉纤维,并使用不同的碳化温度获得镍/木棉纤维衍生碳(Ni/C)复合材料。扫描电镜结果表明,随着碳化温度的升高,Ni颗粒的尺寸增加,且木棉纤维表面出现更多的缺陷结构。XRD和XPS结果证明了Ni和木棉纤维衍生碳的成功复合。Raman结果表明碳化温度的升高导致碳组分石墨化程度增加,提高了复合材料的传导损耗能力。最后,我们将复合材料与石蜡以5∶95的超低填充比例混合,Ni/C-800展现出-52.6 dB的反射损耗值和8.32 GHz的有效吸收带宽。复合材料优异的吸波性能取决于衰减能力和阻抗匹配的协同、介电损耗和磁损耗的共同作用以及大比表面积和中空多孔结构造成的多重散射能力的增强。Recently,biomass carbon has been widely used in the field of microwave absorption due to its low cost,easy preparation,excellent physical and chemical properties,and porous structure.However,its microwave absorption performance is still limited by poor impedance caused by high conductivity.Here,nickel(Ni)is used to modify kapok fibers,and then the nickel/carbon derived form kapok fiber(Ni/C)composites are obtained at different carbonization temperatures.The scanning electron microscopy results indicate that the size of Ni particles increases,and more defect structures appear on the surface of kapok fibers with the increase of carbonization temperature.The XRD and XPS results confirmed the successful combination of Ni and carbon derived from kapok fiber.The Raman results indicate that the increase in carbonization temperature results in more graphite structures,enriching the conductive loss ability of the composites.Finally,we mixed the composite with paraffin at an ultra-low filling ratio of 5:95,and the Ni/C-800 showed a reflection loss value of -52.6 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.32 GHz.The excellent absorption performance of composites depends on the synergistic effect of attenuation ability and impedance matching,the combined effect of dielectric and magnetic losses,and the enhancement of multiple scattering ability caused by large specific surface area and hollow porous structure.

关 键 词：木棉纤维 生物质碳 镍 超低填充 中空多孔 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]