高水平摔跤运动员关键技战术指标特征研究  

A Study on the Characteristics of Key Technical and Tactical Indicators of Elite Wrestlers

作　　者：白银川 陈辉[3] 许奎元[4] 周胜银 刘卫军[4] Bai Yinchuan;Chen Hui;Xu Kuiyuan;Zhou Shengyin;Liu Weijun(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]长沙医学院体育健康学院,湖南长沙410219 [3]重庆第二师范学院,重庆400065 [4]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2024年第1期39-42,73,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划课题教育部青年项目“我国优势项目奥运冠军成长特征与现实启示研究”(项目编号:ELA200416)。

摘　　要：采用录像分析法、数理统计法对2019年世界摔跤锦标赛、2020东京奥运会和2022年世界摔跤锦标赛冠军运动员的关键技战术指标进行统计和分析,揭示冠军运动员关键技战术指标对运动成绩的影响程度,归纳关键技战术指标的特征,为摔跤运动训练实践提供参考。结果表明:(1)双肩获胜(VT)次数与运动成绩似乎无关(r=0.134,p=0.183>0.05),技术优势获胜(ST)次数(r=0.368,p<0.01)和防守效率(r=0.412,p<0.01)与运动成绩呈显著正相关,进攻效率(r=-0.326,p=0.001<0.01)和技术全面性(r=-0.552,p<0.01)与运动成绩呈显著负相关。(2)男子、女子自由式和男子古典式冠军运动员在比赛中均表现出了较高的技术优势获胜(ST)次数、进攻、防守和全面的技术动作使用能力,进攻效率、防守效率和技术全面性呈现出整体上升的态势。(3)在进攻能力和技术动作使用能力相当时,防守能力和技术动作成功率是决定运动员最终运动成绩的关键。Employing video analysis and mathematical statistics,this study conducts a comprehensive statistical analysis of the critical tactical indicators of championship wrestlers from the 2019 World Wrestling Championships the 2021 Olympics,and the 2022 World Wrestling Championships.The study unveils the extent to which these key tactical indicators influence athletes'performance,synthesizes the distinctive features of these indicators,and offers a scientific reference for training practices.The findings reveal:(1)The frequency of wins by holding opponent's shoulder blades to the mat for about a second(VT)appears unrelated to performance(r=0.134,p=0.183>0.05).Superiority by technique(ST)(r=0.368,p<0.01)and Defensive Efficiency(r=0.412,p<0.01)exhibit a significant positive correlation with performance,while Offensive Efficiency(r=-0.326,p=0.001<0.01)and Technical Versatility(r=-0.552,p<0.01)display a notable negative correlation.(2)Male and female freestyle and male Greco-Roman champions manifest higher instances of wins by ST,proficiency in offense,defense,and overall technical skills.There is a discernible overall upward trend in Offensive Efficiency,Defensive Efficiency,and Technical Versatility.(3)When offensive capabilities and technical skills are comparable,defensive abilities and the success rate of technical maneuvers emerge as pivotal factors in determining an athlete's ultimate performance.

关 键 词：高水平 摔跤项目 技战术指标 运动成绩 关联性 

分 类 号：G886.2[文化科学—体育训练]