8—12世纪拉达克地区的石刻造像及其历史意蕴  

On the Rock Carvings of the 8th-12th Centuries in the Ladakh District and Their Connotations for Historical Research

作　　者：王宗慧 WANG Zonghui(Zhejiang University Center for Buddhist Art,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉藏佛教艺术研究中心,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2023年第6期34-45,共12页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学和国别史等研究专项项目“西藏阿里地区象泉河流域石窟寺综合调查研究”(2018VJX019);教育部人文社科青年项目“西藏阿里中印、中尼边境石窟寺艺术调查研究”(19YJC760107)。

摘　　要：针对拉达克地区8—12世纪的一批佛教石刻造像,在系统整理造像遗存的基础上,结合造像题记、地理位置及历史文献,对石刻造像的赞助人、造像题材、开凿意图、造像功能及其背后所呈现的阿里三围对吐蕃王朝遗产的承续关系进行讨论。拉达克地区石刻造像是在藏族人主导下所建的,其时间从吐蕃王朝中后期持续到阿里三围初期,石刻造像传统的延续反映出两代不同政权之间的文化接续;吐蕃王朝时期石刻造像题材以大日如来佛为主,阿里三围初期石刻造像则更流行菩萨题材,石刻造像题材的转变与政权更迭后的宗教政策有关;造像题记所载人物皆为王公贵族,造像所处地理位置与文献记载的政治军事活动相契合,展现出石刻造像始终承载的军政象征等多重历史意涵。Focusing on a group of Buddhist rock carvings made between the 8th and the 12th centuries in Ladakh,and based on a systematic arrangement of various statue remains,inscriptions,geographical locations,and relevant historical documents,this paper discusses the patrons,artistic themes,creative intentions and socio-religious functions of the rock carvings,with particular attention paid to the historical relationship between the Tibetan Kingdom and the mnga'ris skor gsum regime.These carvings were made under the guidance of the local Tibetan people,and construction at the site continued from the late period of the Tibetan Kingdom to the early period of the mnga'ris skor gsum regime.Because of the extended and continuous nature of the rock carving process,the history of this site can be seen as both reflecting the shared cultural inheritance of the two regimes,and as a mirror that shows their contrasting preferences in certain themes.In the ancient Tibetan Kingdom,for example,images of Buddha Vairocana dominated,while under the mnga'ris skor gsum regime,images of the Bodhisattva were more prevalent.Such thematic shifts can be connected to changes in religious policies that occurred when new political factions came to power.Finally,analysis has found that the people mentioned in the inscriptions were all nobles,and that the geographical locations where the rock carvings were built accord with important political and military events found in historical records.The carvings at Ladakh should thus be appreciated as objects rich in religious,political and historical symbolism.

关 键 词：吐蕃 阿里三围 拉达克 石刻造像 弥勒 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]