磷素对含沙水流流体变异特性影响  

Influence of Phosphorus on the Fluid Variability Characteristics of Sediment-laden Flow

作　　者：张元元 高建恩[1,2,3,4,5] 李文证 高哲 王照润 王鹭 ZHANG Yuanyuan;GAO Jian’en;LI Wenzheng;GAO Zhe;WANG Zhaorun;WANG Lu(The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100101,China;Research Center on Soil&Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨陵712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100101 [5]水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心,陕西杨陵712100 [6]西北林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第1期22-30,39,共10页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700,2017YFC0504703);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020ZDLSF06-03-01);国家自然科学基金项目(41877078,41371276)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探明磷素对含沙水流流体变异特性的影响。[方法]采用自制双竖管流变仪,研究了磷素对不同浓度含沙水流流体类型、流变参数及流体发生变异的临界阈值的影响。[结果](1)磷素浓度、泥沙浓度及泥沙理化性质是影响含沙水流发生流体变异的主要因素。在25℃下,过磷酸钙浓度每增加0.1 g/cm^(3),黏滞系数和宾汉极限剪切力分别增加0.48~1.47 mPa·s和3.49~6.84 N/m^(2)。(2)随着磷素和泥沙含量的增大,含磷素的含沙水流由牛顿流体变异为宾汉流体。构建并验证了磷-泥沙水流黏滞系数和宾汉极限剪切力等流变参数的计算模型。(3)给出了磷-泥沙水流流体变异的临界浓度阈值。当磷素浓度从0增加至0.45 g/cm^(3)时,含沙水流的流体变异临界浓度阈值降低49%,说明磷素的存在加速了含沙水流的流体变异。[结论]磷素的增加使得侵蚀水流更容易由牛顿流体变异为宾汉流体,从而影响侵蚀流内部的能量耗散过程,研究结果为深入认识侵蚀污染水流的输移机制提供了新的科学基础。[Objective]This study aims to explore the effect of phosphorus on the fluid variability characteristics of sediment-laden flows.[Methods]A self-made double vertical tube rheometer was used to study the influence of phosphorus on fluid types,rheological parameters,and the critical threshold of fluid variation in sediment-laden flows with different concentrations.[Results](1)Phosphorus concentration,sediment concentration,and physical and chemical properties of sediment were the main factors influencing the fluid variability in sediment-laden flows.At 25℃,the viscosity coefficient and Bingham yield stress increased by 0.48~1.47 mPa·s and 3.49~6.84 N/m 2,respectively,with an increase of 0.1 g/cm ^(3) in calcium superphosphate concentration.(2)With the increase of phosphorus and sediment content,phosphorus-laden sediment-laden flows transitioned from Newtonian fluid to Bingham fluid.A computational model was developed and validated to calculate rheological parameters such as viscosity coefficient and Bingham yield stress.(3)The critical concentration threshold for the fluid variability of phosphorus-sediment-laden flows was given.When phosphorus concentration increased from 0 to 0.45 g/cm ^(3),the critical concentration threshold for fluid variability in sediment-laden flows decreased by 49%,indicating that the presence of phosphorus accelerated the fluid variability of sediment-laden flows.Therefore,the increase of phosphorus promoted the process of erosion water flow from Newtonian fluid to Bingham fluid,which affected the energy dissipation process in the erosion flow.[Conclusion]The research findings provide a new scientific basis for in-depth understanding of the transport mechanism of erosive polluted water flows.

关 键 词：流体变异 流变模型 非牛顿流体 磷素污染 含沙水流 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]