长期施肥与耕作对紫色土坡耕地产流产沙的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization and Tillage on the Production of Runoff and Sediment on Purple Soil Slope Cropland

作　　者：白力鑫 何丙辉 李天阳 梁珂 BAI Lixin;HE Binghui;LI Tianyang;LIANG Ke(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第1期31-39,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20326);农田氮磷流失及农田地膜残留污染监测评价(120A0701);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(SWU-KT22060);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202100212)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究长期施肥与耕作对紫色土坡耕地产流产沙的影响。[方法]试验规定各小区均采用冬小麦-夏玉米轮作的紫色土坡耕地典型种植模式,在15°紫色土坡耕地设置5种处理:顺坡耕作无施肥(CK)、顺坡耕作有机肥与化肥配施(T1)、顺坡耕作单施化肥(T2)、顺坡耕作单施化肥增量(T3)、横坡垄作单施化肥(T4),每种处理重复3次。在2008—2020年,共监测107场侵蚀性降雨事件,分析了不同事件降雨量及施肥耕作处理下径流深、泥沙量、泥沙含量的变化特征。[结果]不同施肥耕作处理中,单位面积年产流深最大为100.37 mm,最小为4.56 mm。除T2与T3处理径流深差异不显著(p>0.05)外,其余处理间径流深差异显著(p<0.05),且均显著小于CK处理,均值大小依次为CK>T3>T2>T1>T4。除T1与T2处理泥沙量差异不显著(p>0.05)外,其余处理间泥沙量差异显著(p<0.05),且显著小于CK处理,均值大小依次为CK>T3>T2>T1>T4。T1、T2、T3的泥沙含量差异不显著(p>0.05),但均显著小于CK处理(p<0.05)且显著高于T4处理(p>0.05),均值大小依次为CK>T3>T1>T2>T4。各处理下的泥沙含量与降雨量均呈幂函数负相关(p<0.05)。[结论]顺坡耕作有机肥与化肥配施及横坡垄作对减少紫色土坡耕地地表径流、泥沙的产生贡献较大。[Objective]This study is aimed at investigating the effects of long-term fertilization and cultivation on the production of runoff and sediment on purple soil sloping cropland.[Methods]The experiment stipulated that each community should adopt the typical planting mode of winter wheat summer corn rotation on purple soil sloping cropland.Five treatments were set up on 15°purple soil slopes,which were no fertilizer application in downslope cultivation(CK),combined application of manure and fertilizer with downslope tillage(T1),single application of chemical fertilizer with downslope tillage(T2),single application of chemical fertilizer increment with downslope tillage(T3),and single application of chemical fertilizer with cross-slope monopoly cultivation(T4).There were three replications for each treatment.A total of 107 erosive rainfall events were monitored during 2008—2020,and the variation characteristics of runoff depth,sediment yield,and sediment concentration under each event rainfall and different fertilizer tillage treatments were analyzed.[Results]Among the fertilization and cultivation treatments,the maximum annual runoff depth per unit area was 100.37 mm,and the minimum was 4.56 mm.Except for the insignificant difference in runoff depth between T2 and T3 treatments(p>0.05),there was a significant difference in runoff depth between the other treatments(p<0.05),and the runoff depth of all treatments was significantly smaller than that of the CK treatment,and the mean values were in the order of CK>T3>T2>T1>T4.Except for the insignificant difference in sediment content between T1 and T2 treatments(p>0.05),there was a significant difference in sediment content between the other treatments(p<0.05),which were significantly smaller than the CK treatment,and the mean values were in the order of CK>T3>T2>T1>T4.The sediment concentration showed no significant difference among T1,T2 and T3(p>0.05),but they were significantly smaller than that of the CK treatment(p<0.05)and significantly higher than that of the

关 键 词：施肥 耕作 产流产沙 紫色土 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]