基于RUSLE模型的秦岭—大巴山地土壤侵蚀时空特征分析  

The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Soil Erosion in the Qinling-Daba Mountains Based on RUSLE Model

作　　者：王丽园 赵体侠 朱文博 朱连奇[1] WANG Liyuan;ZHAO Tixia;ZHU Wenbo;ZHU lianqi(The College of Geography and Environment Science,Kaifeng,Henan 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学地理与环境学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第1期113-121,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0106700);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100902)。

摘　　要：[目的]秦岭—大巴山地(秦巴山地)是我国重要的南北地理—生态过渡带主体,对秦巴山地的土壤侵蚀研究将有助于该区域的生态保护和水土资源管理。[方法]基于RUSLE模型计算秦巴山地的土壤侵蚀模数,并量化分析了该区域的土壤侵蚀的时空分布格局。[结果](1)2000—2020年秦巴山地的微度侵蚀面积呈上升趋势,轻度侵蚀及其以上等级的土壤侵蚀面积均呈下降趋势;从空间来看,秦巴山地东北和西南部的土壤侵蚀等级较高,中间较低;(2)秦巴山地的土壤侵蚀相对集中在500~1500 m、坡度15°~25°区域内;(3)秦巴山地发生土壤侵蚀最主要的土地利用类型为林地,耕地、林地的微度侵蚀以及草地的微度、剧烈侵蚀面积呈上升趋势;(4)秦巴山地土壤侵蚀主要分布在陕西、四川和甘肃,且甘肃和四川的剧烈侵蚀呈上升趋势。[结论]2000—2020年秦巴山地的侵蚀面积和强度呈“双下降”的态势,其整体侵蚀状况好转,但侵蚀分布存在明显空间差异。[Objective]The Qinling-Daba Mountains region(QDM)is the important geographical transitional zone across the north and south of China.A comprehensive and systematic analysis of soil erosion in QDM is essential for the planning of soil and water conservation measures,and the sustainable agriculture development.[Methods]Based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE),we calculate the soil erosion modulus in the QDM and analyze the spatiotemporal characteristic of the soil erosion in the study region from 2000 to 2020.[Results](1)From 2000 to 2020,the areas of soil erosion in the QDM showed an upward trend.Spatially,the areas of higher soil erosion modulus were located in the northeast and southwest of the QDM,while the areas of lower soil erosion modulus were distributed in the central of the study region;(2)The areas with severe soil erosion are mainly concentrated in area with 500~1500 m,and areas with 15°~35°;(3)The land-use pattern with the highest soil erosion rates were forest,and the lowest soil erosion rate were found grass;(4)The areas with soil erosion were mainly located in Shaanxi,Sichuan,and Gansu.Severe erosion showed an upward trend in Gansu and Sichuan during 2000-2020.[Conclusion]Both erosion area and erosion intensity in the QDM showed decreasing trend,while the differences in the distribution pattern of erosion intensity were found in this study region.

关 键 词：秦巴山地 土壤侵蚀 RUSLE模型 土地利用 地形因子 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]