不同浓度微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响  

Effects of Saline Water Irrigation with Different Concentrations on Soil Water and Salt Distribution and Growth of Winter Wheat

作　　者：刘祯媛 张体彬 梁青[1,2] 胡行路 程煜 闫思慧 冯浩 LIU Zhenyuan;ZHANG Tibin;LIANG Qing;HU Xinglu;CHENG Yu;YAN Sihui;FENG Hao(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第1期378-386,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLNY-53);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划项目(XAB2022YW04)。

摘　　要：[目的]微咸水灌溉是缓解农业用水紧张、保障粮食生产的重要途径之一,但灌溉水中的可溶性盐会导致土壤盐分累积,进而影响作物生长,寻求适宜的灌溉水盐分浓度是咸水、微咸水资源得到安全利用的有利保障。[方法]研究采用遮雨盆栽试验种植冬小麦,以去离子水为对照(CK),添加氯化盐形成不同浓度的微咸水处理,灌溉水电导率(EC w)分别为:0.26(CK),3.00(S1),5.26(S2),7.07(S3),9.24(S4)dS/m,研究土壤水盐分布和冬小麦生长、光合生理及产量形成的响应。[结果]不同浓度微咸水灌溉下土壤含水率、土壤含盐量随盐分浓度的增加而增大。当灌溉水电导率为9.24 dS/m时,土壤含水率分别比CK高5.43%(0—10 cm),4.21%(10—20 cm),4.98%(20—40 cm);冬小麦收获后CK及S1-S4处理下0—40 cm土层土壤饱和浸提液电导率(ECe)分别为0.66,4.89,7.88,9.34,10.16 dS/m;与CK相比,灌溉水电导率为3.00,5.26 dS/m时,冬小麦生长、光合生理指标、产量无显著差异,而为7.07,9.24 dS/m时显著降低,当灌溉水电导率为9.24 dS/m时,冬小麦净光合速率、最大株高、最大叶面积、成熟期地上部干物质量、根系干物质量及产量相比CK分别降低71.00%,2.81%,15.33%,15.55%,47.25%,27.53%。利用FAO分段函数拟合计算得冬小麦灌溉微咸水电导率阈值为5.82 dS/m,超过该值,每增加1 dS/m,冬小麦相对产量下降8.80%。[结论]综上所述,灌溉水盐分浓度越高,对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响越大,5.82 dS/m为冬小麦的灌溉微咸水电导率阈值。综合考虑冬小麦生长、光合生理指标及土壤理化性质,建议使用微咸水灌溉冬小麦时,EC w不宜超过5.82 dS/m。该研究结果可为微咸水安全利用提供理论支撑。[Objective]Saline water irrigation is one of the important ways to alleviate the shortage of agricultural water and ensure food production.However,soluble salt in irrigation water leads to soil salt accumulation,which affects the growth of crops.Seeking a suitable salt concentration in irrigation water is a favorable guarantee for the safe utilization of saline water resources.[Methods]In this study,a rain-shielding pot experiment was conducted to plant winter wheat.The deionized water was used as a control(CK),and chloride salts were added to form saline water with different salt concentrations.The electrical conductivity of irrigation water(EC w)was 0.26(CK),3.00(S1),5.26(S2),7.07(S3),and 9.24(S4)dS/m respectively.The soil water and salt distribution,growth,photosynthetic physiology,and yield formation of winter wheat were studied.[Results]Soil water content and electrical conductivity increased with the increase of saline water salt concentration under saline water irrigation.When the conductivity of irrigation water was 9.24 dS/m,the soil moisture content was 5.43%(0—10 cm),4.21%(10—20 cm),and 4.98%(20—40 cm)higher than CK,respectively.The electrical conductivity of soil extract(ECe)in 0-40 cm soil layer was 0.66,4.89,7.88,9.34,and 10.16 dS/m under CK and S1-S4 treatments after winter wheat harvest,respectively.Compared with CK,there was no significant difference in the growth,photosynthetic physiological indexes,and yield of winter wheat when the conductivity of irrigation water was 3.00 and 5.26 dS/m,but it was significantly reduced when the conductivity of irrigation water was 7.07 and 9.24 dS/m.The net photosynthetic rate,maximum plant height,maximum leaf area,shoot dry matter mass at maturity stage,root dry matter mass and yield of winter wheat under 9.24 dS/m were decreased by 71.00%,2.81%,15.33%,15.55%,47.25%,and 27.53%compared with CK,respectively.The threshold of saline water conductivity for irrigation of winter wheat was calculated as 5.82 dS/m using the fitting sum of FAO piecewise function,

关 键 词：微咸水 冬小麦 耐盐阈值 产量 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]