椰糠型生态保育基质的水力-入渗特性及配比寻优  

Hydraulic-infiltration Characteristics and Proportion Optimization of Coconut Coir-type Ecological Conservation Substrate

作　　者：王之君[1,2] 陈蒋 王志伟 赵晨希 WANG Zhijun;CHEN Jiang;WANG Zhiwei;ZHAO Chenxi(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Baiyin New Materials Research Institute,Lanzhou University of Technology,Baiyin,Gansu 730900,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学白银新材料研究院,甘肃白银730900

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第1期387-395,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167043);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(20YF8ND141);内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2021CG0046);阿拉善盟科技计划项目(AMYY2021-19)。

摘　　要：[目的]荒漠戈壁因降水量少、蒸发量大等环境因素胁迫,植被稀疏,水土流失严重。探索适宜的土壤改良方法,以提升其保水性、持水性,对于荒漠化防治及戈壁生态农业发展十分重要。[方法]以无椰糠基质组别T0(风沙土∶有机肥∶人造泥炭=7∶3∶1)为对照,对理化性质较好的3组配比椰糠型生态保育基质(风沙土∶椰糠∶有机肥∶人造泥炭=3.5∶3.5∶3∶1或3∶4∶3∶1或2∶5∶3∶1,依次为T1、T2、T3)进行水力-入渗特性试验;利用离心机法测定基质水分与吸力的关系,探究该基质的水力特性;再通过室内定水头土柱入渗试验分析基质的入渗特征;并以测定的各项指标为基础,结合坐标综合评定法进行配比寻优。[结果]T1、T2、T3组别较之T0组别,田间持水量分别增加10.22%,12.13%,14.99%,全有效水含量分别增加8.10%,8.81%,12.83%;在吸力水头的对数值P f=1.8~3.8阶段(基质吸力对数值),各组别比水容量均值大小为T3>T2>T1>T0;根据灰色关联分析,入渗能力大小为T3>T2>T0>T1。[结论]适宜比例椰糠混掺改变基质的有效水含量和孔隙分布比,显著提升基质的保水持水能力。从理化性质、水力及入渗特性角度综合来看,T3配比最优。[Objective]Stressed by harsh environmental factors such as scarce precipitation and large evaporation,the desert Gobi is characterized as spare vegetation and severe soil and water losses.Therefore,exploring suitable soil improvement methods to improve soil water retention and water holding capacity is very important for the development of Gobi ecological agriculture.[Methods]The hydraulic-infiltration characteristics of the 3 groups of coconut coir-type ecological conservation substrates with better physicochemical properties(aeolian soil∶coconut coir∶organic fertilizer∶artificial peat=3.5∶3∶3∶1 or 3∶4∶3∶1 or 2∶5∶3∶1,i.e.,T1,T2,T3)were tested compared to the control substrate with no coconut coir(aeolian soil∶organic fertilizer∶artificial peat=7∶3∶1,T0).The relationship between matrix water and suction was determined by the centrifuge method,and then the hydraulic characteristics were explored.Then,the infiltration characteristics of the substrates were analyzed by the indoor infiltration test of the soil column with constant water head;and,based on the measured indicators,the proportion optimization was carried out by the coordinate comprehensive evaluation method.[Results]Compared with the T0 group,the field water retention capacity of the T1,T2 and T3 groups increased by 10.22%,12.13%and 14.99%,and the total effective water content increased by 8.10%,8.81%and 12.83%,respectively.In the stage of P f=1.8~3.8(logarithmic matrix suction),the average specific water capacity of each group showed a law of T3>T2>T1>T0,and according to the gray correlation analysis(RGA)method,the infiltration capacity was ranked as T3>T2>T0>T1.[Conclusion]The results showed that a suitable proportion of coconut coir mixing changes the effective water content and pore distribution ratio,which can significantly improve the water retention capacity of the substrate.From the perspective of physicochemical properties,hydraulic and infiltration characteristics,the T3 ratio is optimal.

关 键 词：椰糠型生态保育基质 水力特性 坐标综合评定法 灰色关联分析 配比寻优 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S152.9[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]