海南马袅湾水动力状况及水交换特性分析  

Hydrodynamic condition and water exchange characteristics of Maniao Bay, Hainan

作　　者：王选志 张美玲 刘长根[1] 徐晓甫 徐鹏 WANG Xuanzhi;ZHANG Meiling;LIU Changgen;XU Xiaofu;XU Peng(Department of Mechanics,School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute,Tianjin 300457,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学机械工程学院力学系,天津300350 [2]天津水产研究所,天津300457 [3]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2024年第1期74-84,共11页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900704);天津大学-海南大学自主创新基金(2020XZC-0097);国家自然科学基金(42016002);天津市科技重大专项与工程(18ZXRHSF00270)。

摘　　要：本文建立了马袅湾三维水动力模型,并用水位、流速和流向等实测资料进行验证,分析马袅湾不同特征时刻的流场特征,构建水交换关联矩阵模型,计算马袅湾海域与毗连外海的水交换周期。为弄清养殖区内的海水去向和来源,进一步将马袅湾划分为包括养殖区在内的12个海区,计算湾内各海区的水交换周期。结果表明,马袅湾湾口流速明显高于湾内流速,最大流速约为1.1 m/s,湾内流场在大潮落急和涨急时刻分别呈明显的顺时针和逆时针的涡旋结构。马袅湾海域与外海交换的能力表现为大潮大于小潮的特点,大潮半交换周期平均约为8.2 h,小潮半交换周期约为21.1 h,且湾口海域水交换能力最强,半交换周期小于1 h。养殖区与毗连琼州海峡的海水交换最为显著,与其邻近的湾内一侧海区有一定的水交换过程,但几乎不与马袅湾湾底海域发生交换,表明养殖区选址合理。In this paper,a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Maniao Bay was established and verified with measured data such as water level,flow velocity and flow direction,and the flow field characteristics of Maniao Bay at different characteristic moments were analysed,In order to assess the water exchange capacity of Maniao Bay,a water exchange correlation matrix model was established,and the water exchange period between the Maniao Bay and the outer sea was calculated.In order to find out where the seawater in the aquaculture area comes from and where it goes,Maniao Bay was divided into 12 sea areas including the aquaculture area,and the water exchange period of each sea area in the bay were calculated.The results showed that:the flow velocity at the mouth of Maniao Bay is significantly higher than that in the bay,with a maximum flow velocity of about 1.1 m/s.A distinct counterclockwise vortex is formed during ebb tide,conversely,a clockwise vortex is formed during flood tide in the bay.The water exchange capacity of spring tide between Maniao Bay and the outer sea is greater than that of neap tide,the average half-exchange period of the spring tide is about 8.2 h,whereas the half-exchange period of the neap tide is about 21.1 h.The mouth of the bay has the strongest water exchange capacity,and the half-exchange period is less than 1h.The most significant exchange of seawater between the aquaculture area and the adjacent outer sea but almost no exchange with the bottom of Maniao Bay. This indicates that the site selection of the aquaculture area is reasonable.

关 键 词：马袅湾 网箱养殖 水动力 水交换 

分 类 号：P731.26[天文地球—海洋科学]