论马克思对罗雪尔“历史方法的政治经济学”批判及启示  

On Marx's Criticism of Roscher's“Political Economy of Historical Method”and the Enlightenment

作　　者：王瑜聪 WANG Yu-cong(School of Marrism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《前沿》2023年第5期34-42,共9页Forward Position

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“历史层次的观念”(19FZXB002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：威廉·罗雪尔是德国旧历史学派的奠基人,其理论独特性在于将德国历史法学派的历史方法引入政治经济学,反对古典政治经济学的抽象方法。罗雪尔的理论主要是对他之前和同时代的资产阶级经济学理论观点的摘抄与转述,并以历史方法对丰富的史实材料加以解释,是典型的德国教授式的政治经济学。马克思在《资本论》中对罗雪尔的基本术语、历史方法以及“节欲论”等进行深刻地批判,揭示出其理论实质是在历史方法指导下,阐发历史现实就是合理的原则,是为资本主义剥削制度辩护的资产阶级庸俗经济学。马克思对罗雪尔的批判阐明了马克思政治经济学与德国资产阶级庸俗经济学在术语、方法、立场等方面的不同,这对拓展当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界具有多重启示。William Roscher is the founder of the old German Historical School,whose theoretical uniqueness lies in introducing the historical method of Germany Historical School of Law into political economy and opposing the abstract method of classical political economy.Roscher's theory is mainly a German professor-style political economy that excerpts and paraphrases his previous and contemporary views on bourgeois economics,and explains rich historical materials using historical methods.Marx criticized Roscher's basic terminology,historical methods,and“abstinence theory”in Capital,revealing that its theoretical essence is to explain the principle that historical reality is reasonable under the guidance of historical methods,and to defend the capitalist exploitation system through bourgeois vulgar economics.Marx's criticism of Roscher elucidates the differences in terms,methods,and positions between Marxist political economy and German bourgeois vulgar economy,which has multiple implications for expanding the new realm of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy.

关 键 词：马克思 政治经济学批判 罗雪尔 历史方法的政治经济学 

分 类 号：B17[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]