《民法典》动产与权利担保制度的商法属性解释论  

Interpretation of the Commercial Law Attributes of the Security System of Movable Assets and Rights in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：汪振江[1] 贺中正 WANG Zhenjiang;HE Zhongzheng(Law School,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学法学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2024年第1期78-88,共11页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“治理整顿背景下网络借贷机构退出机制研究”,项目编号:20STA046。

摘　　要：《民法典》第388条对功能主义担保立法模式的引入,使动产和权利统一担保体系具有了较为鲜明的商法属性。但囿于民商合一的立法体例,其商事元素大多隐藏在民事规范之下,不得彰显。现行担保体系对商事担保的特殊性及商事交易实践需求不能及时作出回应,对商事交易实践造成影响。故而民商合一的立法体例需通过法律适用在实质上实现一般化一体规制,特殊化区分规制的立场。对此,商法视角的引入极为必要。商事担保以效益优先为价值理念,以功能主义为底层逻辑,在制度设计上具有更多的商事元素。利用区分原则,对担保体系中的民商事担保规范进行区分、整合,以形成担保体系“形式民商合一,实质统分结合”的体例。同时,商法思维的适用应兼顾商事规范的个性及民事规范的稳定,从而对动产和权利统一担保体系的商法属性作出回应,以期促进商事金融的发展创新。Article 388 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China introduces the functionalist security legislative model,which enables the unified security system for movable assets and rights to have a relatively distinct commercial law attrib-ute.However,due to the legislative system of the integration of civil and commercial affairs,most of its commercial elements are hidden under civil norms and cannot be revealed.The current guarantee system cannot respond to the particularity of commercial guarantees and the needs of commercial transaction practice in a timely manner,which has an impact on commercial transaction practice.Therefore,the legislative system of the integration of civil and commercial affairs needs to be applied to the law to achieve general integrated regulation in essence,and to distinguish the position of regulation in particular.In this regard,the in-troduction of a commercial law perspective is extremely necessary.Commercial guarantee prioritizes efficiency and cost-effective-ness in terms of its value orientation and render functionalism as its underlying logic,imbuing more commercial elements in its system design.The principle of distinction is used to distinguish and integrate the civil and commercial guarantee norms in the guarantee system,so as to forge a mode of“integration of civil and commercial affairs in form”and“integration of unification and separation in substance”in the guarantee system.At the same time,the application of commercial law-based thinking should take into account the individuality of commercial norms and the stability of civil norms,in order to respond to the commercial law at-tributes of the unified security system for movable assets and rights and promote the development and innovation of commercial fi-nance.

关 键 词：《民法典》 动产与权利担保 商事担保 商法属性 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]