小型模块化氯盐快堆焚烧超铀核素物理特性研究  

Characteristics of transuranic nuclides incinerated in a small modular chloride fast reactor

作　　者：彭民雨 刘亚芬[1,2] 邹杨 戴叶[1] PENG Minyu;LIU Yafen;ZOU Yang;DAI Ye(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《核技术》2024年第2期151-160,共10页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.12205362)资助。

摘　　要：氯盐快堆具有重金属溶解度高和能谱较硬等特性,是嬗变超铀核素(Transuranic elements,TRU)的理想堆型。本文提出了一种50 MW小型模块化氯盐快堆(small-Modular Chlorine salt Fast Reactor,sm-MCFR)方案,对其焚烧TRU特性进行了初步研究。采用了基于SCALE(Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation)和MODEC(MOlten Salt Reactor Specific DEpletion Code)开发的耦合程序TMCBurnup(TRITON MODEC Coupled Burnup Code),计算并分析了sm-MCFR在TRU+232Th和TRU+DU(Depleted Uranium)两种燃料方案下的临界、燃耗、核素演化和嬗变TRU等物理性能。结果表明:在sm-MCFR运行期间,为维持临界状态,需在线添加TRU,以确保有效增殖系数k_(eff)>1;满功率运行40 a时,采用TRU+Th燃料方案下堆芯剩余TRU量为657 kg,而采用TRU+DU燃料方案下剩余TRU量为725 kg,皆大于寿期初;采用TRU+Th和TRU+DU作为燃料盐时,嬗变率分别可达49%和41%,为实现乏燃料最小化提供了可行方案。[Background]Liquid molten salt reactors that use chloride salts as fuel are characterized by the high solubility of heavy metals and a hard energy spectrum,hence are ideal for transmuting transuranic nuclides(TRU).A small modular reactor exhibits the characteristics of a modular design and construction,which is one of the future development directions for nuclear energy.[Purpose]This study aims to investigate the TRU incineration characteristics of a small modular chloride fast reactor(sm-MCFR)that can be refueled online and applied to the disposal of TRU in nuclear waste produced by pressurized-water reactors.[Methods]Firstly,a 50-MW sm-MCFR scheme was proposed,and its neutron properties,as well as the performance of TRU incineration,were explored using the Monca program TMCBurnup(TRITON MODEC Coupled Burnup Code),a combination of the SCALE 6.1(Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation)and the high-precision point burn-up program MODEC(Molten Salt Reactor Specific DEpletion Code).Then,the analysis of critical parameters,burn-up evolution,and the transmutation efficiency of both TRU mixed with Depleted Uranium(DU)and TRU combined with 232Th were investigated,using a straightforward post-processing approach.[Results]The findings of this study indicate that using TRU as fission fuel in the sm-MCFR requires the online addition of TRU.When the heavy metal balance is maintained,the effective multiplication factor(k_(eff))is less than 1.Conversely,when the balance is not maintained,keff>1,allowing continuous operation.When operating at full power for 40 years,the core's residual TRU content will be significantly higher than the initial fuel load,with 657 kg remaining for the TRU+Th mix and 725 kg for the TRU+DU mix.Notably,the sm-MCFR demonstrates efficient transmutation when TRU is added online without maintaining the heavy metal balance.Over 40 years at full power,the transmutation rates will be 41%for TRU+DU and 49%for TRU+Th,effectively reducing the production of long-lived small-actinide elements.[Co

关 键 词：氯盐快堆 sm-MCFR TRU焚烧 嬗变 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]