电子背散射衍射技术及其在微观力学行为研究中的应用  

ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE STUDY OF MICROMECHANICS BEHAVIOR

作　　者：刘飞 马晓桐 刘战伟[2] 谢惠民[1] LIU Fei;MA Xiaotong;LIU Zhanwei;XIE Huimin(School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084 [2]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081

出　　处：《力学与实践》2023年第6期1321-1330,共10页Mechanics in Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12032013,11972209);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB1103900)资助。

摘　　要：电子背散射衍射(electron backscatter diffraction, EBSD)技术不仅能表征材料微观组织,还能定性分析测试区域的弹性应变和塑性应变,目前该技术已被广泛用于晶体材料微结构的表征。考虑到服役过程中材料微结构及其应力状态可能会发生变化,因此,研究不同服役环境下晶体微观组织与应变场演化之间的内在联系对于研究材料的失效行为和机理有重要意义。本文介绍了EBSD技术的基本原理、常用制样方法及其主要功能,给出了基于EBSD技术在材料科学领域的应用实例,探讨了使用EBSD不同成像数据研究材料微结构及其微观力学行为的分析方法。Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technique can not only characterize the microstructure of materials,but also qualitatively analyze the elastic and plastic strains of the tested area.Currently,this technique has been widely used for characterizing the microstructure of crystalline materials.Since the microstructure and stress state of materials may change during service,studying the internal relationship between microstructure and strain field evolution of the crystals under different service environments are of great significance for investigating the failure behavior and mechanism of the materials.The basic principles,preparation methods of EBSD sample,and main functions of EBSD technique are introduced.The application examples based on EBSD technique in the field of materials science are given,the analysis methods for studying the microstructure and micromechanics behavior of materials are explored using different imaging data of EBSD.

关 键 词：电子背散射衍射 金属材料 应变场 疲劳行为 微观组织 

分 类 号：O34[理学—固体力学]