再探夏尔巴人父系历史  

Revisiting the Paternal History of the Sherpas

作　　者：洛桑塔杰 朱存世 文少卿 LobsangDargye;Zhu Cunshi;Wen Shaoqing

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系 [2]宁夏回族自治区文物考古研究所

出　　处：《西夏研究》2024年第1期4-11,共8页Xixia Research

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区科技厅重点研发计划项目“宁夏古代人类与动物骨骼考古新方法的应用示范研究”(项目批准号:2020BFG02008)阶段性成果;“复旦大学本科生学术研究资助计划(FDUROP,Fu‐dan Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program)”资助。

摘　　要：夏尔巴人是生活于我国和尼泊尔、印度交界边境地区的少数民族,在我国属于未识别民族,其族源问题在学术界颇有争议。目前,学术界对这一问题的探讨主要集中于历史学和民族学范畴,缺乏其他学科的新视角。本文根据夏尔巴人的父系17个Y-STR基因座和108个Y-SNP分型数据,整合欧亚大陆人群数据进行遗传分析,并结合历史文献探讨夏尔巴人父系历史。分析发现,夏尔巴人的父系遗传成分主要来源于汉藏人群,混入了早期西北以及欧亚草原西部人群的基因流。后因夏尔巴人迁徙到喜马拉雅地区,又与南亚人群发生了基因交流。因此,夏尔巴人的族群记忆可能是在不同阶段混入不同基因流后多次塑造的结果。The Sherpas are an ethnic minority living mainly in the border area among China,Nepal and India,and are an unidentified ethnic group in China.The issue of their ethnic origin is controversial in aca‐demic circles and the previous studies on this issue were mainly on the basis of history and ethnography,lacking other new disciplinary perspectives.In this study,we conducted a genetic analysis based on 17 Y-STR loci and 108 Y-SNP data of 85 male Sherpa people,combined with other reference Eurasian population Y-chromosome data,and discussed the paternal history of Sherpas with historical literature and genetic stud‐ies.Our analysis results revealed that the paternal lineages of the Sherpas were mainly from the Sino-Tibetan speaking populations;moreover at an early stage the Sherpas received the gene flows from Western Eurasian and northwestern Chinese population and from the South Asian population after migration to the Himalayan region.Therefore,the ethnic memory of Sherpas may be the result of multiple shaping by different gene flows at different stages.

关 键 词：夏尔巴人 分子历史 党项羌 Y染色体 遗传谱系分析 

分 类 号：Q987[生物学—遗传学]