西夏语句首感叹词小考  

Textual Research on the Interjections at the Beginning of a Sentence of Tangut

作　　者：孙伯君[1,2] Sun Bojun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所 [2]宁夏大学民族与历史学院

出　　处：《西夏研究》2024年第1期29-32,共4页Xixia Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目基于汉语通语与方言研究的番汉对音数据库建设”(项目批准号:20VJXT016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：汉语感叹句一般在句首使用感叹词表达喜、怒、哀、乐或惊讶的情绪。古往今来使用的句首感叹词很多,如咦、噫、唉、嚯、嚇、吁、呜呼、哀哉、天啊、好家伙等。西夏语感叹句中的句首感叹词或与汉语“呜呼”“噫”等词对译,表示“哀叹”“不平”的情绪;或与“善哉”对译,表示赞美、赞同的意思。这些感叹词有的只用在句首单独成句,且多见于西夏本土作品,当是西夏语固有的感叹词;有的还可以用于句子中间,表达固定的实际意义,且多用于译自汉文的文献,当是临时被借用来翻译汉语感叹词的普通词语,或是据汉语感叹词而生成的仿译词。Interjection sentences of Chinese generally use interjections to express happiness,anger,sor‐row,joy or surprise at the beginning of a sentence.There are many interjections used at the beginning of a sentence through the ages,such as Yi(咦),Yi(噫),Ai(唉),Huo(嚯),He(嚇),Xu(吁),Wuhu(呜呼),Aizai(哀哉),Tian’a(天啊),Haojiahuo(好家伙)and so on.This paper reviews the interjections used at the beginning of the interjection sentences of Tangut and gives examples of their usage in Tangut literature.They may be translated with Chinese words such as“Wuhu(呜呼)”and“Yi(噫)”to express the emotion of“lament”and“injustice”,or translated with“Shanzai(善哉)”to express the meaning of praise and approval.Some of these interjections are only used at the beginning of a sentence,and most of them are found in the native works of the Tangut,which are the inherent interjections of the Tangut language.Some can also be used in the middle of a sentence to express a fixed practical meaning,and most of them are used in the translation of Chinese lit‐erature,when the ordinary words are temporarily borrowed to translate Chinese interjections,or the imitation words generated according to Chinese interjections.

关 键 词：感叹词 感叹句 西夏学 

分 类 号：H211.7[语言文字—少数民族语言]