锌肥施用方式对苹果光合特性、品质及经济效益的影响  

Effects of zinc fertilizer application on quality,photosynthetic characteristics and economic benefits of apple

作　　者：张嫒 冯天宇 蒋皓 杨娜[1] 师海斌 吴晓政 郑伟[1,2] 翟丙年[1,2] ZHANG Ai;FENG Tianyu;JIANG Hao;YANG Na;SHI Haibin;WU Xiaozheng;ZHENG Wei;ZHAI Bingnian(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment of Ministry Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Pucheng County,Pucheng,Shaanxi 715500,China;Fruit Tree Technical Service Station in Qianxian County,Qianxian,Shaanxi 713300,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]蒲城县农业技术推广中心,陕西蒲城715500 [4]乾县果树技术服务站,陕西乾县713300

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期97-103,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省科技重大专项(2020zdzx03-02-01);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同锌肥施用方式对土壤有效锌含量、苹果树叶片和果实锌含量、以及苹果光合特性、品质及经济效益的影响,以期为苹果合理施用锌肥提供参考。【方法】在陕西省蒲城县和乾县以“长富二号”苹果为试材,采用大田试验,设置不施锌(对照,T1)、叶面喷施锌肥(T2)和水肥一体化追施锌肥(T3)3个处理,测定不同处理土壤有效锌含量、苹果果实和叶片锌含量、叶片生物学性状以及苹果产量、品质和经济效益。【结果】在乾县和蒲城,在0~20和20~40 cm土层,T2和T3处理土壤有效锌含量均高于T1处理,且T3处理土壤有效锌含量最高,分别为1.88,1.22 mg/kg(0~20 cm土层)和1.16,0.70 mg/kg(20~40 cm土层)。在乾县,T2处理叶片和果实锌含量最高,其次为T3处理,T1处理最低;在蒲城,T2和T3处理叶片、果实锌含量均显著高于T1处理,其中T3处理均最高。在乾县和蒲城,与T1处理相比,T2和T3处理百叶厚和百叶质量及叶绿素含量总体上均显著增加。在乾县,苹果的果形指数为0.83~0.89,其中T1处理明显高于T2和T3处理;在蒲城,苹果的果形指数为0.81~0.91,其中T3处理明显高于T1和T2处理。在蒲城,3个处理的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量均无显著差异;在乾县,T2和T3处理可滴定酸含量显著高于T1处理,可溶性固形物含量3个处理间无显著差异。在乾县和蒲城,T2和T3处理可溶性糖和V C含量均显著高于T1处理。乾县T2处理苹果产量和净利润均最高,分别为30961 kg/hm^(2)和82505元/hm^(2),较T1处理分别增加了45.49%和52.85%;蒲城T3处理苹果产量和净利润均最高,分别为29159 kg/hm^(2)和78595元/hm^(2),较T1处理分别提高了28.56%和65.77%。【结论】施用锌肥有利于提高土壤、苹果叶片和果实锌含量以及苹果产量和品质;从产量和经济效益的角度出发,水肥一体化追施锌肥的效果比叶面喷施锌肥更稳定。【Objective】This study explored the effects of different zinc fertilizer application methods on photosynthetic characteristics,quality and economic benefits of apple to provide reference for rational app-lication of zinc fertilizer in apple.【Method】In Pucheng and Qianxian,Shaanxi,“Changfu No.2”apple was selected for three treatments of no zinc application(control,T1),leaf spraying zinc fertilizer(T2)and integrated water and fertilizer topdressing zinc fertilizer(T3).Soil available zinc content,apple fruit and leaf zinc contents,leaf biological characters,yield,quality and economic benefit were determined under di-fferent treatments.【Result】In Qianxian and Pucheng,contents of available zinc in T2 and T3 treatments were higher than that in T1 treatment in soil layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm.T3 treatment had the highest values of 1.88 and 1.22 mg/kg in soil layer of 0-20 cm and 1.16 and 0.70 mg/kg in soil layer of 20-40 cm.In Qianxian,zinc contents of leaves and fruits under T2 treatment were the highest,followed by T3 treatment.In Pucheng,zinc contents in leaves and fruits of T2 and T3 treatments were higher than that of T1 treatment,with the highest values in T3 treatment.In Qianxian and Pucheng,louver thickness,louver weight and chlorophyll content in T2 and T3 treatments were significantly increased compared with T1 treatment.In Qianxian,the fruit shape index of apples was 0.83-0.89,with significantly higher values in T1 treatment.In Pucheng,the fruit shape index of apples ranged from 0.81 to 0.91,and T3 had higher va-lues than T1 and T2 treatments.In Pucheng,there was no significant differences in soluble solids and titratable acid contents among treatments.In Qianxian county,the titratable acid content of T2 and T3 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 treatment,and there was no significant differences in soluble solids among treatments.In Qianxian and Pucheng,contents of soluble sugar and Vc in T2 and T3 treatments were significantly higher than those in T1 treatment.In Qianxian,the h

关 键 词：旱地果园 施肥方式 锌肥施用 苹果栽培 

分 类 号：S143.72[农业科学—肥料学]