锌氧压酸浸硫精矿和硫尾矿的矿物学特征与环境活性  

Technological mineralogy and environmental activity of sulphur concentrate and sulphur tailings from zinc sulfide oxygenpressure leaching process

作　　者：孙朴 李兴彬[1] 魏昶[1] 邓志敢[1] 李旻廷[1] 罗兴国 樊刚[1] SUN Pu;LI Xingbin;WEI Chang;DENG Zhigan;LI Minting;LUO Xingguo;FAN Gang(Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期32-42,共11页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51964029,51804146);云南省应用基础研究计划项目(202001AT070079)。

摘　　要：采用电感耦合(ICP-OES)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫面电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)、红外光谱(FTIR)及差热差重(TG-DTA)等多种检测方法对锌氧压酸浸硫精矿和硫尾矿的化学组成、粒度分布、物相结构等进行研究,并采用毒性浸出程序(TCLP)法考察其短期环境活性。研究结果表明:硫精矿1和硫精矿2主要以球状的单质硫存在,其中,少量硫精矿1以小颗粒的闪锌矿、黄铁矿等附着于块状的铁矾颗粒上,平均粒径为22.1μm;少量硫精矿2以块状的闪锌矿、黄铁矿和小颗粒存在,平均粒径为59.2μm。2种硫精矿在185~340℃时会剧烈燃烧,热稳定性较差。2种硫尾矿主要以块状的铅黄铁矾和黄钠铁矾存在,其中,硫尾矿1平均粒径为21.1μm;硫尾矿2含一定的赤铁矿(16.86%),平均粒径为5.3μm。硫精矿和硫尾矿中锌和镉元素在弱酸条件下不稳定,硫尾矿1中锌和镉的浸出量分别超标1.93倍和2.50倍;硫精矿2的分别超标2.03倍和6.56倍,硫尾矿1的分别超标3.46倍和5.94倍,硫尾矿2的分别超标11.10倍和8.28倍。Chemical composition,the particle size distribution and structural properties of sulphur concentrate and sulphur tailings from zinc sulfide oxygen-pressure leaching process were examined by the combination of various detection means such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),X-ray diffraction analyzer(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)-energy spectroscopy(EDS)technique,Fourier infrared spectrometer(FTIR)and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DTA).In addition,the short-term environmental activity of sulphur concentrate and sulphur tailings were investigated by toxic leaching procedure(TCLP).The results show that the No.1 and No.2 sulfur concentrates mainly exist as spherical elemental sulfur.A small amount of No.1 sulfur concentrate exists as sphalerite,pyrite,etc.,which are attached to massive alum particles,with an average particle size of 22.1μm.A small part of No.2 sulfur concentrate exists as massive sphalerite,pyrite and other small particles,with an average particle size of 59.2μm.Moreover,the sulfur concentrate will burn violently at 185 to 340℃,with thermal instability.No.1 and No.2 sulfur tailings mainly exist as block shaped lead jarosite and sodium jarosite.Among them,the average particle size of No.1 sulfur tailings is 21.1μm.No.2 sulfur tailing contains a certain amount of hematite(16.86%),with an average particle size of 5.3μm.The zinc and cadmium elements in sulfur concentrate and sulfur tailings are unstable in weak acid conditions.Among them,the leaching amounts of zinc and cadmium of No.1 sulfur concentrate exceed the limit values of zinc and cadmium by 1.93 and 2.50 times,those of No.2 sulfur concentrate exceed the limit values of zinc and cadmium by 2.03 and 6.65 times,those of No.1 sulfur tailings exceed the limit values of zinc and cadmium by 3.46 and 5.94 times,and those of No.2 sulfur tailings exceed the limit values of zinc and cadmium by 11.10 and 8.82 times,respectively.

关 键 词：锌氧压酸浸 硫精矿 硫尾矿 微观结构 工艺矿物学 浸出毒性 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]