基于水动力学模型的城区防洪能力评估研究  

Evaluation of urban flood control capacity based on hydrodynamic model

作　　者：吴滨滨[1,2] 喻海军 马建明[4] 孙庚 穆杰 WU Binbin;YU Haijun;MA Jianming;SUN Geng;MU Jie(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;Key Laboratory of Water Safety for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;National Institute of Natural Hazards,Beijing 100085,China;Beijing IWHR Corporation,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心(水旱灾害防御中心),北京100038 [3]水利部京津冀水安全保障重点实验室,北京100038 [4]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京100085 [5]北京中水科工程集团有限公司,北京100048

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）》2024年第1期1-14,共14页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52009147);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3010704)。

摘　　要：城区河道现状防洪能力的准确评估是保障城市防洪安全的基础。过去针对单一河道现状防洪能力评估的研究较多,而对于多河汇聚洪水交互复杂区域的河道防洪能力研究相对较少。金堂县城素有“千里沱江第一城”之称,却也是沱江流域受洪水威胁最严重的地区。本文针对金堂县城区“三河汇一江”的复杂交互关系,构建一二维耦合洪水分析模型,利用典型场次洪水对模型进行了率定和验证,并从河道现状堤防防洪能力、城区整体过流能力、跨河建筑物现状防洪能力等多方面开展了金堂县城区现状防洪能力评估。结果表明:构建的一二维耦合模型具有较高的模拟精度,3场典型洪水中沱江干流三皇庙水文站模拟洪峰误差均在1%以内,峰现时间误差均在1.5 h以内;城区模拟淹没范围基本与实际调查一致,模拟最大淹没水深基本与实测洪痕相符,大部分点位的模拟最大淹没水深误差在0.2 m以内;城区现有堤防防洪标准低,大部分仅满足5~10年一遇,局部薄弱段不足5年一遇;城区整体过流能力受上游洪水遭遇组合影响,三河相互顶托明显;城区多座跨河建筑物防洪能力不足20年一遇防洪标准,其中平安桥、毗河大桥分别不足5年、10年一遇防洪标准。The accurate evaluation of the current flood control capacity of urban river channels is the basis for ensuring urban flood control safety.There have been many studies on the evaluation of the current flood control capacity of a single river channel,while few studies for river channels in areas with complex flood composition.Jintang is known as the“First City of the Tuojiang River”,but it is also the area most severely threatened by floods in the Tuojiang River Basin.This paper constructs a 1D-2D coupled hydrodynamic model for the urban area of Jintang County.The model is calibrated and validated by using typical floods,and it is also applied to evaluate the current flood control capacity for the urban area of Jintang County.The results show that the model has high simulation accuracy.The peak errors of three typical floods are all within 1%,and the peak occurrence time errors are all within 1.5 hours at Sanhuangmiao Hydrology Station.The simulated inundation range in the urban area is basically consistent with the actual investigation,and the simulated maximum inundation depth is basically consistent with the measured flood marks.The simulated maximum inundation depth errors at most points are within 0.2 m.The overall flow capacity of the urban area is affected by the combination of upstream floods,and floods of the three rivers have significant backwater effects on each other.The flood control standards for existing embankments in the urban area are low,with most of them only meeting the 5-10 year return period,and some weak sections are even less than the 5-year return period.The flood control capacity of many cross-river buildings is less than the 20-year return period,among which Pingan Bridge and Pihe Bridge are less than the 5-year and 10-year return period,respectively.

关 键 词：洪水模拟 一二维耦合 率定和验证 现状防洪能力 金堂 

分 类 号：TV877[水利工程—水利水电工程]