基于水热平衡的分布式水文模型研究与应用  

Development and application of a distributed hydrological model based on water-heat balance

作　　者：阚光远 李纪人[1,2,3,4] 喻海军 丁留谦[1,2,3,4] 何晓燕 梁珂[5] KAN Guangyuan;LI Jiren;YU Haijun;DING Liuqian;HE Xiaoyan;LIANG Ke(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100038,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Research Center on Flood&Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;Key Laboratory of Water Safety for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;Beijing IWHR Corporation,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038 [4]水利部京津冀水安全保障重点实验室,北京100038 [5]北京中水科工程集团有限公司,北京100048

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）》2024年第1期15-27,共13页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3010704);光合基金A类(ghfund202302018283);中国水科院“五大人才”计划项目(JZ0199A032021);中国水科院减灾中心“基础研究型”科技创新人才项目(GY2205);北京市重点实验室开放基金项目(HYD2020OF02)。

摘　　要：分布式水文模型在水利部“四预”建设中发挥了至关重要的作用,但无径流资料区(简称无资料区)分布式水文模拟技术仍需进一步完善。从水热循环产汇流理论、模型构建与求解、模型参数率定三个方面入手,改进传统分布式水文模型。提出了耦合热量平衡的流域产汇流理论,揭示了水量热量动力学过程耦合机理和水热循环通量量化关系。构建了系统完整的物理机制水热平衡分布式水文模型及其数值求解方法,实现了流域地表温度和水位的分布式数值模拟。明确了模型结构和参数的物理意义,降低了需要率定的参数个数。将参数率定目标由径流量转换为地表温度和水位,综合利用遥感反演和台站观测资料率定模型参数。将研发的模型在江西赣江流域进行应用,结果表明,构建的模型具有较强的物理机制,数值求解方法精度高、稳定性好,实现了无资料区参数率定和水文模拟,为无资料区分布式水文模型研发与应用提供了新思路。Distributed hydrological models have played a vital role in the construction of the"forecast,early warning,rehearsal,contingency plan"proposed by the Ministry of Water Resources.However,technique for distributed hydrological simulation in regions lack of observed runoff data or ungauged basins needs further improvement.We improve the classical distributed hydrological model in three aspects including theory of watershed runoff generation and flow concentration coupling water-heat cycling,model construction&solution,and model parameter calibration.We propose watershed runoff generation and flow concentration theory by coupling heat balance process,and then reveal the coupling mechanization of the water and heat dynamic processes and quantitative relationship of hydrothermal cycle fluxes.A systematic and complete physically-based distributed hydrological model considering water-heat balance and its numerical solution method are constructed.The model implements the capability of simulating land surface temperature and water level in a distributed manner.The proposed model makes the physical meaning of the model structure and model parameters clear,and the number of parameters needing calibration is reduced.Instead of using discharge,we adopt land surface temperature and water level as new objectives to calibrate the model parameters based on remotely-sensed and site-observed data.The developed model was applied in the Ganjiang River basin in Jiangxi Province,and the application results show that the model has a strong physical mechanism,high precision and good stability in numerical solution methods,and can carry out parameter calibration and hydrological simulation in ungauged basin.The model provides a novel idea for distributed hydrological model development and application in ungauged basins.

关 键 词：水文模拟 分布式水文模型 水热平衡 数值方法 定量遥感 无资料区 

分 类 号：P334.92[天文地球—水文科学]