堤防漫顶溃决物理模型试验研究进展  

Progress in physical modeling experiments of dike overtopping breach

作　　者：王忠祥 张大伟[1] WANG Zhongxiang;ZHANG Dawei(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）》2024年第1期36-48,共13页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3005501);水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022007);中国水科院科研专项(WH0145B022021,WH0145B042021,JZ110145B0012021)。

摘　　要：随着社会经济的发展,堤防保护区内人口及资产密度不断提高,一旦遭遇极端降雨事件引发堤防溃决,会对人民生命和财产造成重大威胁,因此开展堤防溃决机理和溃堤水流特性的研究对水灾害防治工作具有重要的意义。堤防漫顶溃决物理模型试验是研究堤防溃决机理与溃堤水流特性的重要手段,有必要对该方面众多的成果进行归纳总结,以便更好的开展该领域的研究。本文回顾了近年来有关堤防漫顶溃决物理模型试验所取得的相关研究成果,总结了堤防漫顶溃决试验所用装置及测量设备,并对堤防溃口处水力特征、溃口形态演变以及溃口出流过程三个方面的研究成果进行了梳理。研究发现已有试验成果中对河道内外水动力响应变化规律的认识并不成熟,对堤防溃口水沙运动机理的阐述也不够清晰,继续开展堤防漫顶溃决试验,深入研究堤防溃决机理与溃堤水流特性依然非常必要。With the development of socio-economy,the population and asset density within flood protection areas have experienced a significant increase.Once extreme rainfall events lead to the breach of levees,it poses a significant threat to people’s lives and properties.It is crucial to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind dike failure and the flow characteristics of dike breach in order to prevent and control water disasters.The physical model experiment is an important approach to study the mechanism of dike breach and the characteristics of flow during dike failure.It is necessary to summarize and consolidate the numerous achievements in this field in order to facilitate further research.This paper reviews the related research results obtained from physical modeling experiments on overtopping breaching of dikes in recent years.The experimental setup and measuring equipment used in these experiments were outlined,and the research findings on hydraulic characteristics,breach evolution processes and discharge rates at dike breaches were summarized.However,despite some notable progress in research,we found that the changing rules of water dynamics inside and outside the river channel in existing experimental results are not yet mature,and there is still limited understanding of the flow and sediment transport mechanism at the dike breach.Therefore,further experimental research on the mechanism of overtopping breaching of dikes and the flow characteristics of dike breach is necessary.

关 键 词：堤防 漫顶溃决 物理模型 溃口 测量 试验 

分 类 号：TV871.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]