超声辅助提取3种植物中药种子油的脂肪酸组成及活性成分研究  

Research on Aliphatic Acid Composition and Active Ingredients of Seed Oil ofThree Kinds of Chinese Traditional Medicine

作　　者：伍雅士 刘佳丽 闫荣玲 李昌珠[3] 罗金强 唐静 廖阳 Wu Yashi;Liu Jiali;Yan Rongling;Li Changzhu;LuoJinqiang;Tang jing;Liao Yang(College of Life Sciences and Chemistry Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Engineering ,Yongzhou 425199;Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Dominant Plant Resources in Southern Hunan ,Yongzhou 425199;State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resources ,Changsha 410007;Agricultural and Rural Committee of Tongnan District in Chongqing ,Chongqing 402660)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院,永州425199 [2]湘南优势植物资源综合利用湖南省重点实验室,永州425199 [3]湖南省林业科学院省部共建木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室,长沙410007 [4]重庆市潼南区农业农村委员会,重庆402660

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2023年第12期121-127,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室及开放基金项目(2019xk2002、2022kfjj-10),湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ50199、2020JJ4325),永州市科技指导项目(永科发[2021]15号)。

摘　　要：研究借助超声辅助提取得到3种植物中药种子油,并利用GC-MS、国标检测、动物在体实验、分光光度等方法对种子油的脂肪酸组成、微量营养成分、理化性质、急性毒理、抗氧化活性进行分析。车前草、辣木树、鸦胆子种子油提取得率分别为10.9%、35.2%、20.4%,三者总不饱和脂肪酸质量分数分别为83.05%、80.00%、88.87%,各自所含脂肪酸成分及相对质量分数差异明显。3种植物中药种子油均检测出维生素E、甾醇、多酚、黄酮等微量营养成分,维生素E、甾醇、黄酮含量接近或超过100 mg/100 g,甾醇含量在3.61~7.57 mg/100 g范围间;甾醇在辣木种子油中含量最高,维生素E、多酚、黄酮在车前草种子油中含量最高。车前草、辣木树、鸦胆子种子油的酸值分别为0.36、0.42、0.46 mg/g,碘值分别为106.4、96.8、92.2 g I/100 g,皂化值分别为176.2、188.6、193.4 mg KOH/g。三者在所设浓度范围内表现出浓度依赖性DPPH自由基清除效应,车前草、辣木树、鸦胆子种子油各自清除率分别为89%、81%、70%。急性毒理测试显示,实验小鼠经3种植物种子油灌胃后,未出现行为、体征、器脏异常及死亡现象。结果表明,车前草、辣木树、鸭胆子等3种植物中药种子油具有作为新型植物油脂资源开发的显著潜力。In this study,the seed oil of three kinds of Chinese traditional medicine were obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction,and the fatty acid composition,micronutrient composition,physical and chemical properties,acute toxicology and antioxidant activity of the obtained seed oil were analyzed by methods of GC-MS analysis,national standard detection,in vivo animal experiment,spectrophotometry test.The yield rates of seed oil from Asiatic plantain,Moringa oleifera and Brucea javanica were 10.9%,35.2%and 20.4%,respectively,and the total unsaturated fatty acid content were 83.05%,80.00%and 88.87%,respectively.There were significant differences in the fatty acid composition and relative content of the three plant seed oils.Vitamin E,sterol,polyphenol,flavone and other micronutrients were detected in the seed oil of three kinds of plant traditional Chinese medicine.The contents of vitamin E,sterol and flavone were close to or more than 100 mg/100 g,while the contents of sterol were in the range of 3.61-7.57 mg/100 g;Sterol showed highest content in the seed oil of Moringa oleifera,and vitamin E,polyphenol and xanthone showed the highest content in the seed oil of Asiatic plantain.The acid value of the seed oil of Asiatic plantain,Moringa oleifera and Brucea javanicawas 0.36,0.42 and 0.46 mg/g,the iodine value was 106.4,96.8 and 92.2 g I 2/100 g,and the saponification value was 176.2,188.6 and 193.4 mg KOH/g,respectively.The three kinds of seed oil showed a concentration dependent DPPH free radical scavenging effect within the set concentration range.The scavenging rates of the seed oil of Asiatic plantain,Moringa oleifera and Brucea javanica were 89%,81%and 70%,respectively.In vivo acute toxicological test revealed that there were no behaviors,signs,organ abnormalities and death in the experimental mice after intragastric administration of three kinds of plant seed oil.The results indicated that the seed oils of Asiatic plantain,Moringa oleifera and Brucea javanica had significant potential as new vegetable oil resource

关 键 词：车前草 辣木树 鸦胆子 脂肪酸成分 理化性质 急性毒理 抗氧化能力 

分 类 号：Q646[生物学—生物物理学]