沙塘鳢池塘和稻田养殖水质指标和环境生物的比较  

COMPARISON OF WATER QUALITY INDICATORS AND ENVIRONMENTALORGANISMS IN POND AND RICE-FISHCULTURE OF ODONTOBUTIS OBSCURA

作　　者：李礼 梁克勤 李波 徐宏亮 郭红喜 王曼 王杰 朱晓鸣[1] 张磊[1,2] LI Li;LIANG Ke-Qin;LI Bo;XU Hong-Liang;GUO Hong-Xi;WANG Man;WANG Jie;ZHU Xiao-Ming;ZHANG Lei(Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Huai’an Research Centre,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Huai’an 223002,China;Alxa League Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Neimenggu 735499,China;Fisheries Research Institute,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430207,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]淮安市水生生物研究中心,淮安223002 [3]阿拉善盟农业技术推广中心,内蒙古735499 [4]武汉市农业科学院,武汉430207

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第4期625-633,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：中华沙塘鳢苗种繁育培育关键技术研发(2022BBA009);稻田综合种养碳积累特征及固碳增汇关键技术研究(HAN202213)资助。

摘　　要：为探究中华沙塘鳢(Odontobutis obscura)绿色、健康、生态的养殖模式,研究对池塘和稻田两种养殖模式的水质、浮游生物及底栖动物的4次采样结果进行了对比分析。结果显示,两种养殖模式下的水体温度、pH和总磷无显著差异,但稻田养殖模式的溶解氧含量始终高于池塘养殖模式。沙塘鳢池塘和稻田养殖模式的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝态氮含量整体下降,但总氮含量持续上升。池塘养殖模式的叶绿素a含量始终显著高于稻田。在两种养殖模式下,共检测出浮游植物6门40属,池塘和稻田特有浮游植物各有8种。两种养殖模式的浮游植物密度及生物量均在分蘖期达到最高,其次是扬花期。检测出浮游动物3大类21属41种,两种模式均以轮虫(Rotifera)为主。沙塘鳢池塘和稻田养殖模式的浮游动物密度和生物量最高的时期均是拔节期,除成熟期外,池塘养殖模式的浮游动物密度和生物量均高于稻田养殖模式;两种养殖模式共检测出底栖动物9种(属),常见种为尾腮蚓属。随着养殖时间的推进,池塘和稻田养殖模式的底栖动物种类数、数量均持续下降。根据以上结果可知,相较于池塘养殖模式,稻田养殖模式可在一定程度上起到净化水质的作用,且可以通过控制浮游生物的生长,维持稻田生态平衡。A green,healthy and ecological aquaculture model represents the ultimate objective within the field.In this study,we investigated the ecological aquaculture model of Odontobutis obscura by comparing and analyzing the results of four water quality,plankton and zoobenthos samplings in two different cultivation systems:pond and rice-fish culture.The results showed that there were no significant differences in water temperature,pH and total phosphorus between the two culture modes.However,the rice-fish culture consistently exhibited higher levels of dissolved oxygen compared to pond culture.The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen generally showed a decreasing trend,while the total nitrogen content continued to increase.The chlorophyll-a content was always significantly higher in the pond culture than that in rice-fish culture.In both cultivation systems,6 phytoplankton families and 40 phytoplankton genera were detected,with 8 phytoplankton species unique to each system.The phytoplankton density and biomass were the highest during the tillering stage,followed by the flowering stage.Zooplankton were detected into 3 major groups,encompassing 21 genera and 41 species,with Rotifera dominating in both modes.The highest zooplankton density and biomass of both modes were observed during the stem elongation stage,with the culture ponds consistently surpassing the rice-fish culture in zooplankton density and biomass,except during the ripening stage.The study identified a total of 9 benthic species(genera)were detected,and the common species was Branchiura sp..The number of zoobenthic species and their quantities in both pond and rice-fish culture decreased as the rice crop grew.In summary,the results demonstrated that compared with the pond culture,the rice-fish culture model can purify the water quality to a certain extent and maintain the ecological balance in the paddy field by controlling the growth of plankton.

关 键 词：养殖模式 水质指标 浮游生物 底栖动物 沙塘鳢 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]