日本法人处罚的现状与课题——组织模式并用说与企业系统过失责任的提案  

The Current Situation and Issues of Legal Person Punishment in Japan:A Proposal on the Combination of Organizational Model and Corporate System Fault Liability

作　　者：川崎友巳 段宇衡(译) KAWASAKI Tomomi;DUAN Yu-heng

机构地区：[1]同志社大学 [2]京都大学

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第2期55-61,共7页Social Sciences of Beijing

摘　　要：日本对法人犯罪采“两罚制”,但该制度存在着处罚标准不明确、处罚根据不明晰及预期效果难以达成的问题,故应考虑代替方案。但作为传统立法论的企业组织体责任论与法人行为责任说均存在着缺陷。作为因应,应提倡组织模式并用说。该说在考虑法人作为“被认可为在法律上具有与自然人同样权限与能力的存在”及“组织体之性质”的基础上,承认个人模式与组织模式的各自意义并一并采用。一方面,该说基于对责任主义中主观责任之原则的尊重,将能与法人等同的自然人的意思与行为视为法人的意思与行为,并追究法人的故意、过失责任;另一方面,该说基于企业系统过失责任,赋予企业法人建设相应系统的法律义务。Japan has adopted the“dual-punishment system”for crimes committed by legal person,but this system has the problems of unclear standards of punishment,unclear basis for punishment,and difficulty in achieving the desired effect,so it is necessary to consider alternative solutions.However,there are flaws in both the theory of corporate organization liability and the theory of liability for the acts of legal person,which are traditional legislative theories.As a result,the theory of combination of organizational model should be advocated.This theory recognizes the significance of the individual model and the organizational model and adopts them together,taking into account the fact that legal persons are“recognized as having the same authority and capacity in law as natural persons”and“their nature as an organization”.On one hand,it is based on respect for the principle of subjective liability in the doctrine of responsibility,treating the meaning and acts of natural persons,which can be equated with those of legal persons,as the meaning and acts of legal persons,and holding legal persons liable for intentional-negligent acts;on the other hand,it is based on the liability for systemic faults of Corporations,and imposes on them a legal obligation to build the corresponding systems.

关 键 词：法人处罚 个人模式 组织模式 企业系统过失责任 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]