不同秸秆增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能研究  

Mechanical properties of different straw⁃reinforced epoxy resin composites

作　　者：李文超 姜亚明[1] 齐业雄[1] 赵颖[1] LI Wenchao;JIANG Yaming;QI Yexiong;ZHAO Ying(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300000,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300000

出　　处：《材料科学与工艺》2024年第1期62-70,共9页Materials Science and Technology

摘　　要：秸秆具有生物降解、绿色环保等特性,且来源丰富,在绿色纺织复合材料领域受到广泛关注。本文采用真空辅助法制备了长芦苇秆、麦秆、高粱秆、稻草秆增强环氧树脂复合材料,研究了芦苇秸秆在整体和劈裂状态下复合材料的力学性能,并比较了在劈裂状态下芦苇秸秆和其他3种秸秆增强复合材料的力学性能及形态特征,分析了4种秸秆的红外光谱、表面润湿性、表面元素及微观结构。结果表明:4种秸秆均有相似的振动吸收峰位置,且它们表面微观结构差异较大,但其相同之处是表面均有硅元素、氧元素以及碳元素。同时4种秸秆都具有疏水性,芦苇秆、高粱秆、麦秆和稻草秆与水的接触角依次降低。在力学性能上,由于纤维素纤维在秸秆内合理有效分布使其出现结构物效应,秸秆增强复合材料的弯曲性能较拉伸性能具有明显的优势,同时芦苇秆劈材增强环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度比芦苇秆复合材料高165.07%、55.72%。在4种秸秆劈材复合材料中,芦苇秆劈材复合材料的拉伸、弯曲性能最好,其次是稻草杆、高粱杆、麦秆复合材料。秸秆增强复合材料的开发有利于提高秸秆资源利用率,为复合材料的开发利用提供了新路径。Straw has received extensive attention in green textile composite materials due to itsbiodegradability,green environmental protection,and rich sources.In this study,epoxy resin composites reinforced with reed straw,wheat straw,sorghum straw,and rice straw were prepared by vacuum⁃assisted method.The mechanical properties of composites reinforced with complete and split reed straws were investigated,and the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of composites reinforced with reed straw and other three straws in the split state were compared.The infrared spectra,surface wettability,surface elements,and microstructures of the four kinds of straws were analyzed.Results showed that the four kinds of straws had similar vibration absorption peak positions and quite different surface microstructures,but they shared the same characteristics of being hydrophobic and having silicon,oxygen,and carbon elements on their surfaces.The contact angles of reed straw,sorghum straw,wheat straw,and rice straw with water decreased in turn.In terms of mechanical properties,due to the reasonable and effective distribution of cellulose fibers in the straw,the structure effect occurred,giving bending properties of straw⁃reinforced composites obvious advantages over tensile properties.Besides,the tensile strength and flexural strength of the split reed straw⁃reinforced epoxy resin composite material were 165.07%and 55.72%higher than that of the reed straw composite material.Among the four split straw⁃reinforced composites,split reed straw⁃reinforced composites had the best tensile and bending properties,followed by rice,sorghum,and wheat straw reinforced epoxy resin composites.The development and use of straw⁃reinforced composite materials help to improve the utilization rate of straws,while also providing a new approach for the development and use of composite materials.

关 键 词：秸秆 芦苇 复合材料 微观结构 力学性能 

分 类 号：V258[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]