科技手段在纸质文物断代研究中的应用  

Application of Scientific and Technological Means in Dating of Paper Cultural Relics

作　　者：朱玥玮 付小航 王燕 陈彪[1] ZHU Yuewei;FU Xiaohang;WANG Yan;CHEN Biao(Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期87-94,105,共9页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0904501);国家自然科学基金(31200455);安徽省高等学校省级质量工程项目(2017jyxm0018,2019jyxm0014,2014jyxm015);安徽省新时代育人质量工程项目(2022szsfkc010,2022jyjxggyj031,2022jyjxggyj030);中国科学技术大学2022—2023学年度创新创业教育研究课题(SCJY2022021);中国科学技术大学校级教学研究项目(2020kcsz062,2018jyy13,2023xjyxm060,2022ycjg14,2022ychx10,2021kcsz035,2021ycjg12)。

摘　　要：为更好地阐释纸质文物内涵及其承载的相关信息,断代成为了纸质文物研究中广受关注的问题。除了传统的目鉴与考订等方法之外,科技手段已逐渐应用于纸质文物的断代研究,其基本原则是无损或微损地提取与年代相关的物质信息。其中显微分析法、^(14)C测年法和建立纸张年龄相关性模型的方法,是基于纸张本体的断代方法;气相色谱质谱、拉曼光谱、近红外光谱、X射线衍射等方法,可以对纸质文物上的墨、颜料、印泥的种类进行判断,在结合文献资料的基础上,可给定纸质文物的年代的上限;红外线摄影法可以对纸质文物隐藏的与年代相关的物质信息进行提取。关于纸质文物断代研究中的科技方法,现阶段还处在不断发展之中,相信未来会有更多科技手段用于纸质文物的断代研究之中。In order to better explain the connotation of paper cultural relics and the relevant information they carry,dating is a widespread concern in the study of paper cultural relics.In addition to traditional methods such as visual examination and textual research,scientific and technological means have gradually been applied to the dating of paper cultural relics.The basic principle is to extract the age related material information with non-destructive or micro-destructive methods.Microscopic,Carbon-14 dating and the paper age correlation models are dating methods based on the paper itself.Combined with literature,the types of ink sticks,pigments and cinnabar can be judged by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,Raman spectroscopy,near infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction,and then the upper age limit of paper cultural relics is judged.Infrared photography can extract material information related to the age hidden in paper cultural relics.Regarding,the scientific and technological methods in the dating research of paper cultural relics is still being explored and improved.It is believed that more universal and scientific methods can be used in dating research of paper cultural relics in the future.

关 键 词：纸质文物 断代 科技手段 文物信息 

分 类 号：K854.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TS767[历史地理—历史学]