原油与柴油泄露影响海洋飞沫气溶胶中重金属与多环芳烃分布的实验室模拟研究  

A Lab Simulation Study on the Impact of Oil Spills on the Distribution of Heavy Metals and PAHs in Sea Spray Aerosols

作　　者：祁璇 朱晓婧 高倩倩 王启煌 潘泽真 王梓萌[1,2,3] 王笑非 QI Xuan;ZHU Xiaojing;GAO Qianqian;WANG Qihuang;PAN Zezhen;WANG Zimeng;WANG Xiaofei(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary,Shanghai 202151,China;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200001,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系上海市大气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,上海200438 [2]上海长江河口湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,上海202151 [3]上海市污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200001

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期122-133,I0002,共13页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077193);“延长石油—复旦大学”探索性科研项目(KCH1829117)。

摘　　要：海洋泄漏原油中的重金属和多环芳烃等污染物会因为破碎波进入到海洋飞沫气溶胶中,造成更大范围的环境生态风险,而目前其具体机制和影响因素尚未充分探究。本研究以从长庆油田、新疆油田和渤海油田采集的原油以及中国石化的成品油为研究对象,设计了一套模拟产生海洋飞沫气溶胶的实验室装置,模拟了海洋表面浪花裹挟原油后再释放到大气的过程,并进行海洋飞沫气溶胶的粒径分布、多环芳烃和重金属的浓度及富集因子(EF)分析。研究发现,轻质油中的部分低分子量多环芳烃更易于从覆油海面迁移到海洋飞沫气溶胶中并发生富集(EF≥10);尽管油品本底值中的重金属浓度很低,但无论是柴油泄漏还是原油泄漏,重金属均会富集到在海洋飞沫气溶胶中,且浓度水平与多环芳烃相差较小,在300~1800μg/m^(3);油膜厚度对海洋飞沫气溶胶中的重金属有十分显著的影响,随着油膜厚度的降低,海洋飞沫气溶胶中的重金属呈现“减少增多减少”的变化趋势。Oil spills are known to release heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)into the ocean,posing a range of environmental and ecological risks.However,the entry of these pollutants into sea spray aerosol due to breaking waves is not yet fully understood.In this study,crude oil collected from different oilfields and petroleum products were applied to a set of sea spray aerosol simulator.The particle size distribution and chemical composition of heavy metals and PAHs in the sea spray aerosols produced after oil spills were analyzed.The study found that low molecular weight PAHs in light crude oil were more likely to migrate from the oil-covered sea surface to sea spray aerosols and undergo enrichment.Although the concentration of heavy metals in the background values was low,heavy metals from both diesel and crude oil spills were found to accumulate in sea spray aerosols,with concentrations ranging from 300 to 1800μg·m^(-3) and similar to those of PAHs.The thickness of oil slicks had a significant effect on the concentration of heavy metals in sea spray aerosols,showing a“decrease-increase-decrease”trend as the thickness of the oil slick decreased.This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of pollutants in sea spray aerosols and expands the understanding of the ecological risks posed by oil spills.These findings suggest that low molecular weight PAHs in light crude oil are of particular concern,as they are more easily transported into sea spray aerosols and can undergo enrichment.Additionally,the enrichment of heavy metals in sea spray aerosols indicates the potential for greater environmental and ecological risks associated with oil spills than previously thought.This study highlights the importance of considering the impact of oil spills on sea spray aerosols in future environmental risk assessments.

关 键 词：原油泄漏 海洋飞沫气溶胶 重金属 富集因子 多环芳烃 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]