“新亭对泣”事典生成的两个向度  

Two Dimensions of the Generation of the Allusion“Weeping in Xin Ting”

作　　者：张子尧 ZHANG Ziyao(School of Humanities and Law,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao,China 066004)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学文法学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期55-65,共11页Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：河北省文化艺术科学规划和旅游研究项目(HB23-QN002)。

摘　　要：《世说新语》“新亭对泣”故事塑造了直面国土沦丧而悲戚无奈的周?和悲中奋起的王导两个相辅相成的人物形象,蕴含着悲情哀婉的审美意蕴、忧国忧民的家国情怀等文化基质,彰显了六朝缘物起情、以“兴”为美的创作取向,引发了后世无数文人的情感共振。“新亭对泣”史实被初唐史家接纳与记载后,逐渐被经典化,经历代文人直引、化用、反用等成为母题性质的文学事典,涵盖诗、词、赋、戏剧等多种审美性文体,更辐射至经部文献。在不同文化场域与政治语境下,文人联系自身,从悲情之美与家国情怀两个基本意涵中抽绎出兴亡之叹、隐遁情怀、悲愤之感、飘零之情、困窘之态等多重引申涵义,使“新亭对泣”术语成为一个丰富的语义场。探赜“新亭对泣”经典化历程,可明晰文学经典生成与建构的内在理路与外在契机,丰富人们对中华文化基因中以悲为美与忧患意识的具体认知,加深人们对审美文化共同体的理解。The story of“Weeping in Xin Ting”(Xin Ting Dui Qi)in A New Account of Tales of the World(Shi Shuo Xin Yu)shapes two complementary characters.One is Zhou Yi who is despaired and helpless in the face of the loss of the territory,and the other is Wang Dao who rises from grief.This story contains the aesthetic characteristics of sadness,the patriotic sentiment of concern for the country and the people,and other cultural elements,highlighting the creative trend of evocation by external objects and taking“evocation”as beauty in the Six Dynasties.It has triggered the emotional resonance of many later generations.After being accepted and recorded by the historians of the early Tang Dynasty,“Weeping in Xin Ting”has been gradually canonized.Later literati continued to use,rewrite,quote this term and and it became a literary allusion with the nature of a motif,covering a variety of aesthetic styles,such as poetry,ci,prose,drama,and even in some Confucian classics.In different cultural fields and political contexts,the literati associated themselves with the two basic meanings of the term,i.e.,the aesthetic characteristics of sadness and the patriotic sentiment of concern for the country and the people.They also derived many feelings and suggestive meanings from it,such as the lament over rise and fall,the sense of seclusion,the feeling of grief and anger,the loneliness of drifting around,and the state of embarrassment,making it a rich semantic field.An exploration of the canonization process of“Weeping in Xin Ting”can clarify the internal logic and external opportunity of the generation and construction of literary canons,enrich the specific cognition of the Chinese cultural gene that takes sadness as aesthetic and the awareness of unexpected development,and deepen people’s understanding of the aesthetic cultural community.

关 键 词：新亭对泣 以悲为美 家国情怀 经典化 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]