内蒙古东北部大豆主产区近30年大豆需水量时空变化特征分析  

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Soybean Water Requirment during Recent 30 Rears in Northeast Inner Mongolia

作　　者：王雅莹 白音章 有思 王海梅 王彦平 WANG Yaying;BAI Yinzhang;YOU Si;WANG Haimei;WANG Yanping(Hulun Buir Meteorological Bureau,Hulun Buir 021008,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau,Hohhot 010051,China;Old Barag Banner Meteorological Bureau,Hulun Buir 021500,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔市气象局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008 [2]内蒙古自治区气象局,呼和浩特010051 [3]陈巴尔虎旗气象局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021500

出　　处：《大豆科技》2024年第1期21-27,共7页Soybean Science & Technology

基　　金：内蒙古科技厅创新引导项目“内蒙古玉米主要气象灾害监测预报技术研究”(KCBJ2018066)。

摘　　要：文章以内蒙古东北部1991-2020年30年间12个气象观测站的逐日气象资料为研究对象,分析大豆不同生育期内有效降雨量和需水量及其气候倾向率的时空变化特征。结果表明,近30年来,内蒙古东北部大豆主产区年均有效降雨量由南向北呈先减后增趋势,有效降雨量气候倾向率均呈下降趋势。其中有效降雨量高值区集中于呼伦贝尔岭东地区;大豆生长前期、中期和后期有效降雨量由南向北空间分布均呈逐渐升高趋势,生长中期有效降雨量占比最大,占平均有效降雨总量的65%。需水量区域特征明显,由南向北呈逐步递减趋势,由西向东呈逐步增加趋势,其高值区集中于兴安盟南部的突泉县和科尔沁右翼中旗一带。各时期大豆需水量高值区主要集中于兴安盟东南部的科尔沁右翼中旗、突泉、科尔沁右翼前旗和乌兰浩特市一带。总体上,内蒙古东北部大豆主产区降雨量少、需水量大,有效降雨未能满足大豆需求,易发生干旱等气象灾害,生产上应适当增加灌溉,保证大豆稳产高产。This study was based on observed daily meteorological data of 12 meteorological stations during recent 30 years in northeast Inner Mongolia from 1991 to 2020,analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of the effective precipitation,water requirement(ETc)and climate trend rate in different growth periods of soybean.The results showed that the effective precipitation manifest decreased first and then increased trend from south to north in northeast Inner Mongolia,the climate tendency rate of effective precipitation showed a decreasing trend.The high value area was concentrated in the eastern part of Hulun Buir;The distribution trend of effective precipitation increased in early,middle,and late stages of soybean growth.The proportion of effective precipitation in middle growth period was the highest,account for 65%of the average effective precipitation.The regional characteristics of water requirement(ETc)were obvious,decreased from south to north,increased from west to east.The high value area was concentrated in the southern Xing'an League of Tuquan County and Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner,in each growth stage the water requirement of soybean was concentrated in the southern Xing'an League of Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner,Tuquan County,Horqin Right Wing Front Banner and Ulan Hot City.In general,the main soybean producing areas in northeastern Inner Mongolia had low precipitation and high water requirement.Effective precipitation fails to meet soybean demand and was prone to meteorological disasters such as drought.Therefore,irrigation should be appropriately increased in production to ensure stable and high soybean yields.

关 键 词：内蒙古东北部 大豆 有效降雨量 需水量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]