古埃及神谕研究(公元前3000年至前1550年)——基于原始文献与文化记忆理论的双重考略  

A Study on Ancient Egyptian Oracles(3000 BCE to 1550 BCE)—Dual-investigation Based on Literature Sources and Cultural Memory Theory

作　　者：李晓东 李雷 LI Xiao-dong;LI Lei(School of History and Culture,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期69-78,共10页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家留学基金管理委员会基金资助(CSC202006620063)。

摘　　要：神谕仪式是一种普遍存在于早期人类文明的宗教活动。然而,直至古埃及文明诞生约1500年后的新王国时期才出现有关神谕仪式的直接记录。新王国的神谕仪式所呈现出的高度完善化且制度化特征,引发了学术界对古埃及神谕起源的争论。新王国以前的文献史料能够反映神谕实践的部分表征,但不能作为证明神谕存在的直接证据,须辩证看待。早期神权与王权观念决定了神谕在当时属于“隐性文化”,故未被主流叙事所记录。阿蒙神崇拜的兴起、仪式时空单元的构建以及神权与王权观念的演变最终导致神谕由“隐性文化”转变成为“显性文化”。Oracles,a religious practice that were prevalently present in early human civilizations.However,it was not until the New Kingdom period,more than 1500 years after the inception of ancient Egyptian civilization,that direct records of oracle rituals came to light.The well developed and institutionalized nature of oracle rituals during the New Kingdom era has ignited scholarly debates about the origins of ancient Egyptian oracles.Pre-New Kingdom literary sources may partially reflect aspects of oracle practices but cannot serve as direct evidence of their existence and should be approached with a critical mindset.The concept of divine and royal authority in the early determined that oracles belonged to a“Recessive Culture”at the time and were therefore not recorded in mainstream narratives.The rise of Worship of Amun,the construction of ritual temporal and spatial units,and the evolution of divine and royal authority eventually led to the transformation of oracles from a“Recessive Culture”to a“Dominant Culture.”

关 键 词：古埃及 新王国 神谕 扬·阿斯曼 文化记忆 

分 类 号：K411.21[历史地理—历史学]