化纤织物疏水疏油功能整理的发展概况  

Development of Hydrophobic and Oleophobic Functional Finishing of Chemical Fiber Fabrics

作　　者：黄勇 李俊越 张栋葛 韩津春 郁崇文[1] 俞建勇 丁彬 李召岭 HUANG Yong;LI Junyue;ZHANG Dongge;HAN Jinchun;YU Chongwen;YU Jianyong;DING Bin;LI Zhaoling(College of Textiles,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Wuxi Little Swan Electric Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214111,Jiangsu,China;Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620 [2]无锡小天鹅电器有限公司,江苏无锡214111 [3]东华大学纺织科技创新中心,上海201620

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第4期240-253,共14页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-16)。

摘　　要：早期荷叶表面的拒水现象引起了人们极大的兴趣,研究人员基于荷叶效应不断模仿荷叶表面的微纳结构,以获得可以比拟荷叶的超疏水表面。将超疏水表面应用于化纤织物有着巨大的应用前景,基于荷叶效应,可以通过构筑粗糙纹理表面的方法制备超疏水表面,但有些液体悬浮在纹理表面的稳定性较差,因此适用性有限。通过化学方法合成的含氟整理剂能够降低材料的表面能,使材料对大部分表面能较高的液体具有抵抗作用,使用含氟整理剂整理是目前制备超疏水表面的主流方法。但不论是构筑粗糙表面还是使用含氟整理剂整理,都无法使超疏水表面在极端环境下保持较好的拒液效果。通过在材料表面构建自愈合体系可以获得具有长久拒液效果的自愈合材料,这种超疏水材料的表面在受到机械磨损或化学腐蚀时,受损部位会自愈,从而达到持续的拒液效果。本文主要以化纤织物为例综述了疏水疏油功能整理的方法,阐释了化纤织物的疏水疏油机理,探讨了化纤织物受到化学腐蚀、机械磨损时应如何保持拒液稳定性的问题,并对未来化纤织物疏水疏油功能整理的发展方向进行了展望。The water repellent phenomenon on the lotus leaf surface has aroused great research interest in the early period.Based on the lotus leaf effect,researchers constantly imitate micro-nano-structure of the lotus leaf surface in order to obtain a superhydrophobic surface comparable to the lotus leaf.The application of superhydrophobic surface to chemical fiber fabrics has great application prospects,based on the lotus leaf effect,and superhydrophobic surfaces can be prepared by the method of constructing rough texture surface,but some liquids are suspended on the textured surface with poor stability,thus the applicability is limited.Fluorocarbon finishing agents synthesized by chemical methods are able to reduce the surface energy of materials and provide resistance to most liquids with high surface energy,which is currently the mainstream method to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces.However,neither constructing rough surfaces nor finishing with fluorocarbon finishing agents could allow the superhydrophobic surfaces to maintain better water rejection under harsh environments.Self-healing materials with long-lasting liquid rejection effect can be obtained by constructing self-healing system on the surface of materials,and the surface of these superhydrophobic materials would self-heal at damaged sites when subjected to mechanical wear or chemical corrosion,thus achieving a sustained liquid rejection effect.Taking chemical fiber fabrics as an example,this review has summarized the hydrophobic and oil repellent finishing methods of fabrics,explained the hydrophobic and oil repellent mechanism of fabrics,discussed how to maintain the liquid repellent stability when the fabrics are subjected to chemical corrosion and mechanical wear,and gave future outlook of hydrophobic and oil repellent research for the chemical fiber fabrics.

关 键 词：化纤织物 超疏水表面 疏水疏油功能整理 含氟整理剂 自愈合材料 

分 类 号：TS195[轻工技术与工程—纺织化学与染整工程]