基于磁珠的外泌体富集检测技术  

Enrichment and Detection Technologies of Exosomes Based on Magnetic Beads

作　　者：张沥丹 张师音 葛胜祥[1] ZHANG Li-Dan;ZHANG Shi-Yin;GE Sheng-Xiang(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,Department of Laboratory Medicine,School of Public Health,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学分子疫苗学和分子诊断学国家重点实验室,国家传染病诊断试剂与疫苗工程技术研究中心,公共卫生学院,福建厦门361102

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2023年第12期1664-1672,共9页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：福建省卫生健康委员会医学科研计划项目(No.2021ZD01006)资助。

摘　　要：外泌体是一类30~150 nm天然纳米颗粒,通过细胞主动分选胞内物质并以囊泡的形式转运到胞外,参与诸多生理过程。外泌体因其携带亲代细胞信息,常被用作疾病诊断和预后循环生物标志物。然而,临床标本的外泌体富集方法、富集产物的产量及纯度限制着外泌体临床转化,因此,高效富集临床标本来源的外泌体是进行诊断和治疗应用的前提条件。常见的外泌体提取技术,例如超速离心、多聚物沉淀等能富集高产量的外泌体,但产物中存在的高水平蛋白质污染物极大地影响了下游外泌体分析。而经磁珠法富集的外泌体产物纯度高,特异性好,逐渐被研究人员用于临床标本外泌体的富集检测。磁珠富集中,研究者对不同磁珠类型、富集方式的选择影响着外泌体富集效率及下游检测分析结果,在磁珠法的基础上也开发了新的外泌体分离方式用于改善磁珠存在的富集洗脱等局限性。本文综述了基于磁珠法的外泌体富集方式和检测技术,简述了磁珠法在临床应用中的优势、局限性及未来的展望。Exosomes are a class of 30-150 nm natural nanoparticles that participate in many physiological processes through active cellular sorting of intracellular substances and their transport to the extracellular compartment in the form of vesicles.Exosomes are often used as circulating biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis because they carry information about parental cells.However,the method of enrichment of exosomes from clinical specimens,the yield and purity of enriched products limit the clinical translation of exosomes,therefore efficient enrichment of exosomes from clinical specimen sources is a prerequisite for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.Common exosome extraction techniques such as ultracentrifugation and polymer precipitation can enrich exosomes with high yields,but the high level of protein pollutants in the products greatly affect the subsequent analysis.The high purity and specificity of exosome products enriched by the magnetic bead method,are gradually used by researchers for enrichment and detection of exosomes in clinical specimens.In magnetic bead enrichment,the choice of different bead types and enrichment methods affect the efficiency of exosome enrichment and the results of downstream assays,and new exosome separation methods have been developed based on the magnetic bead method to improve the enrichment elution and other limitations of magnetic beads.This paper reviews the exosome enrichment methods and detection techniques based on the magnetic bead method,and briefly discusses the advantages,limitations,and future prospects of magnetic bead methods in clinical applications.

关 键 词：外泌体 磁珠 富集 检测 

分 类 号：Q2-3[生物学—细胞生物学]