东北半干旱区外来植物入侵现状评估  

Assessment of the current invasive situation of alien plants in semi-arid area of Northeast China

作　　者：张悦[1] 马巍格 刘谷娥 周全来[1] 郭佳 曹伟[1] ZHANG Yue;MA Weige;LIU Gue;ZHOU Quanlai;GUO Jia;CAO Wei(CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室,沈阳110016 [2]沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第1期73-79,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400303)资助。

摘　　要：外来入侵植物在东北半干旱区早有发现,但总体入侵现状却鲜有报道。本研究通过野外调查、标本采集、查阅标本平台和文献资料,建立了东北半干旱区外来入侵植物数据库。结果表明:东北半干旱区外来入侵植物共10科26属34种,其中菊科植物居多,有9个属(34.6%)11个种(32.4%);豆科、茄科、禾本科有11个属(42.3%)15个种(44.1%);入侵植物中草本植物有33种,占绝对优势(97.1%)。入侵等级为1级和2级的全国性入侵植物各有7种,均占总数的20.6%;入侵等级为4级的种数最多,有17种,占总数的50%。源于北美洲和欧洲的外来入侵植物最多,占64.7%,而源于南美洲、亚洲和非洲的外来入侵植物共占35.3%。44.1%的外来入侵植物是有意引入,而无意引入的占55.9%。东北半干旱区81.3%的县(市)有外来入侵植物分布,入侵形势十分严峻。Alien invasive plants have been found in the semi-arid region of Northeast China for a long time,but the overall invasion situation is rarely reported.In this study,we established a database of alien invasive plants in the semi-arid area of Northeast China through field investigation,specimen collection,research of specimen online information platform and literature.The results showed that there were 34 species of alien invasive plants belonging to 26 genera and 10 families in the semi-arid area of Northeast China,among which the Composite family had the largest number of richness,with 9 genera(34.6%)and 11 species(32.4%).There were 15 species(44.1%)in 11 genera(42.3%)of Legumes,Solanaceae and Gramineae.In all the alien invasive plants,33 species were herbaceous plants,being overwhelmingly dominant(97.1%).There were both 7 species of countrywide invasive plants with invasive grade 1 and 2,each accounting for 20.6%of the total.The number of species with invasive grade 4 was the largest,17 species,accounting for 50%of the total.The invasive plants originated in North America and Europe was the most,accounting for 64.7%,while those from South America,Asia and Africa accounted for 35.3%.Totally,44.1%of all the invasive alien plants were intentionally introduced,while 55.9%were unintentionally introduced.In the semi-arid area of Northeast China,81.3%of the counties(cities)had the distribution of alien invasive plants,and the invasion situation was very serious.

关 键 词：东北半干旱区 外来入侵植物 入侵等级 原产地 分布格局 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]