英汉是非问句应答机制的句法–语用研究  

A syntactic-pragmatic study of the response mechanism to English and Chinese polar questions

作　　者：程航 张庆文[1] CHENG Hang;ZHANG Qingwen(Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心,广东省广州市510420

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2024年第1期39-51,159,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“句法-语用界面的多语种研究”(22JJD740020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文从句法-语用界面探究不同语境下英汉是非问句的不同应答方式,尝试从命题极性和命题交互两个角度来阐释不同应答方式间的差异,并提出相应的结构分析。研究发现,应答是非问句时,英语yes和汉语重复动词用于回答命题极性,汉语“是”用于回应问话人偏向。回答命题极性时,应答标记对疑问作出回答,关联命题极性;回应问话人偏向时,应答标记反映问话人偏向命题与应答者背景知识中命题的重合性,体现命题交互关系。根据不同应答方式在应答对象方面的差异,本文将应答细分为“回答”和“回应”,结构上分别对应“回答结构”和“回应结构”,并将此分析拓展至对英汉其他句类应答的结构分析。This paper investigates the response mechanism to English and Chinese polar questions in neutral and biased contexts from the perspective of the syntax-pragmatics interface,attempting to account for their differences in terms of proposition polarity and proposition interaction,and proposing a corresponding structural analysis.The study reveals that the English and Chinese employ yes/no and verb-echo strategies,respectively,to affrm positive/negative polarity in neutral questions.In biased contexts,Chinese introduces shi"be"to acknowledge the initiator's bias.This paper argues that different response strategies are associated with distinctive targets of responses-the polarity of a proposition or coincidence of two propositions-thereby reflecting different types of interactions between propositions.Based on the above discussions,this paper differentiates"answer"and"response";different structures for answering the polarity and addressing the coincidence of propositions are accordingly proposed.The structural analysis of the responses to polar questions is extended to responses to other types of sentences in English and Chinese.

关 键 词：是非问句 应答标记 偏向性 命题交互 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]